Wittite and cannizzarite, two rare and structurally related nonstoichiometric sulfosalts belonging to the system Pb-Bi-S-Se, were found together around high-temperature fumaroles at La Fossa crater, Vulcano island, Italy. This occurrence makes a comparative study by different methods possible (scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe, and X-ray and electron diffraction). We discuss once more the question whether or not they are distinct mineral species. Cannizzarite was found in samples collected from 1990 to 1995 in assemblages with bismuthinite and galenobismutite (mostly), in some cases with lillianite, heyrovskiite, Se-bearing galena, kirkiite, and the new species mozgovaite. Wittite was revealed only in samples collected in 1995 around the fumarole vent F11 in association with bismuthinite. Both minerals form aggregates of very tiny sheaves of slightly divergent, bladed crystals (cannizzarite up to 0.5 mm in length and 0.07 mm in width; wittite up to 2 mm in length). The electronmicroprobe data obtained (141 analyses) show significant variations in proportions of the main elements. In terms of Bi/(Bi + Pb), the range of composition is 3.14 at.%; the Se content varies from less than 1 to 14.65 wt%. The composition field of the minerals under consideration may be described by the general empirical chemical formula Pb 3+x Bi 4-x (S 9-y Se y) 9-x/2 or Pb 3 (Bi 4-x Pb x) 4 (S 9-y Se y) 9-x/2 , with 0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.28, and 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 3.5. Electron-diffraction data and X-ray investigations of a sample of wittite containing ~8.5 wt% Se confirm that cannizzarite and wittite have the same structure. Measured unit-cell parameters show that volumes of the H and Q subcells both vary in direct proportion to Se content. No chemical discontinuity between cannizzarite and wittite series has been observed up to 40 at.% Se; consequently, wittite may be validated or discredited as a distinct mineral species only when a definitive crystallographic work will prove that Se exceeds S in the H layers.

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A new method is presented in this paper to pinpoint the origin of white marbles using the chemical analysis of fluids occurring as micro‐inclusions in calcitic or dolomitic marbles. Beside the conventional methods usually applied for this purpose, the analyses of significant anions and cations in fluids extracted from white marbles were used to characterize different types of marbles. Using this new approach it is possible to distinguish different groups of marbles which cannot be separated isotopically. A case study was performed on the mausoleum of Belevi, close to Ephesus in Turkey, and the quarries in the area of the mausoleum. The marbles used for the architecture of the mausoleum cannot be distinguished isotopically but were split into two groups when using fluid inclusion analysis. The corresponding quarry for the high‐quality marble (cella walls, columns etc.) turned out to be the Kentli Çiftli?i quarry, which also supplied the marbles for the classical Artemision. According to the chemical and fluid data it can be shown, however, that neither the adjacent famous antique quarry of Belevi nor the underground mine of Kusini, some 5 km away from the mausoleum, are the sources for the marbles used for the construction or decoration of the mausoleum.

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