Rare Sulfosalts From Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. V. Selenian Heyrovskyite

Borodaev, Yuri S.; Garavelli, Anna; Garbarino, Carlo; Grillo, Silvana Maria; Mozgova, N. N.; Paar, Werner H.; Topa, Dan; Vurro, Filippo

doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.2.429

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The Cd-bearing sulfosalts kudriavite and Cd-cannizzarite and Pb-Bi-As sulfosalts occur at intermediate temperature values. This evidence is in contrast with the condition of deposition observed in the actual epithermal deposit of the La Fossa crater of Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy (Garavelli et al 2005;Borodaev et al 2003). This latter deposit is characterized by a sulfosalt assemblage which is very similar to that occurring at the Mutnovsky volcano, but no relevant paragenetic sequence of deposition could be observed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…This latter deposit is characterized by a sulfosalt assemblage which is very similar to that occurring at the Mutnovsky volcano, but no relevant paragenetic sequence of deposition could be observed. The discrepancy between the two fumarole deposits could be explained with a more stable chemical composition, temperature, and fl ux rate of the fumarole fl uids discharging from the Mutnovsky volcano with respect to the fl uids emitted from Vulcano fumaroles, the latter which have been found to change instantaneously (Borodaev et al 2003). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutnovskite contains traces of Se (up to 1.33 wt%); the presence of this element is ascribed to the high Se content of the fl uids discharging from the fumarole vents and it is a common feature of sulfosalts deposited in contemporary epithermal deposits connected to active volcanoes (Borodaev et al 1998;Vurro et al 1999;Borodaev et al 2000Borodaev et al , 2001Borodaev et al , 2003Garavelli et al 2005). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb₂AsS₃(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation

Zelenski

Balić-Žunić

Bindi

et al. 2006

American Mineralogist

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Mutnovskite, ideally Pb 2 AsS 3 (I,Cl,Br), is a new mineral from the high-temperature fumaroles of the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation. It occurs as microscopic rubycolored short-prismatic crystals up to 100 μm across, closely associated with halogen-sulfosalts of Pb, Bi, and As, Cd-Pb-Bi sulfosalts, pyrite, anhydrite, and cristobalite. Mutnovskite is transparent in thin fragments with a dark-red to blue color. The crystals are soft and fragile. Cleavage and fracture were not observed and the Mohs hardness is approximately 2. In refl ected light mutnovskite is silvery lead-grey in color with an iridescent tarnish. Pleochroism and anisotropy are not visible because of the strong orange internal refl ections, especially in immersion. Refl ectance percentages measured in air in the range 400-700 nm were tabulated. Refl ectance percentages (R min and R max ) for the four COM wavelengths are 34.100.7 wt%, corresponding, on the basis of a total of 7 atoms, to Pb 1.99 (As 0.98 Bi 0.02 ) Σ1.00 (S 2.98 Se 0.02 ) Σ3.00 (I 0.47 Cl 0.46 Br 0.09 ) Σ1.02 . The nine strongest powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I 0 ) (hkl)] are: 4.. Mutnovskite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a = 11.543(1), b = 6.6764 (7), and c = 9.359(1) Å, V = 721.3(1) Å 3 , Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved and refi ned to R = 4.14%. It consists of three independent cation positions: Pb1 and Pb2 have tricapped trigonal prismatic coordinations with S and I atoms (completed with one As atom in the case of Pb2), while As has threefold coordination with S atoms, which form the base of a trigonal pyramid with As at the apex. Pairs of Pb1-Pb2 prisms are connected in columns which extend along c. AsS 3 coordinations are isolated from each other. S atoms and half of the Pb atoms form wavy close-packed layers. Two kinds of channels parallel to b occur between the layers. The smaller channels host As atoms close to the channel walls, with their lone-electron pairs occupying the median part, while the bigger ones accommodate rows of alternating halogen and Pb atoms. The new mineral is named after the type locality, the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb₂AsS₃(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation

Zelenski

Balić-Žunić

Bindi

et al. 2006

American Mineralogist

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“…Detailed structural investigations on natural Ag-and Cu-free lillianite and heyrovskýite have only been published in recent years (Borodaev et al 2001(Borodaev et al , 2003Pinto 2004;Pinto et al 2006;Balić-Žunić et al 2007). Each of these studies has been carried out on natural materials formed at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), under high-temperature fumarole conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of these studies has been carried out on natural materials formed at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), under high-temperature fumarole conditions. The absence of Ag and Cu in heyrovskýite and lillianite from Vulcano is related to the lack of these monovalent cations in the fumarole fluids from which the crystals formed (Borodaev et al 2001(Borodaev et al , 2003.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission electron microscopy investigation of Ag-free lillianite and heyrovskyite from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Mitolo

Capitani

Garavelli

et al. 2011

American Mineralogist

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We present a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of lillianite (Pb 3 Bi 2 S 6 ) and heyrovskýite (Pb 6 Bi 2 S 9 ), from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. The minerals investigated represent the only naturally occurring Ag-and Cu-free sulfosalts in the lillianite homologous series (LHS). Three methods (crushing, ion-milling, and ultramicrotomy) were used to prepare TEM specimens. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images indicate wellordered crystals with only minor stacking faults and, more rarely, nanoscale intergrowths of lillianite and heyrovskýite. The latter were sometimes found to form an incommensurate structural modulation with an angle of ~29° relative to b* in the (hk0) plane and a wavelength of ~75 Å. This represents the first observation of such incommensurate modulations in heyrovskýite. Although considerable evidence points toward an artifact induced by the sample preparation technique (i.e., ion-milling), the possibility that the incommensurate modulation could be a primary feature of heyrovskýite itself cannot be completely ruled out. The modulation could derive from an ordering process of Pb and Bi cations over Me4 and Me5 sites within the PbS-like layer or from ordering of vacancies, naturally present or induced by Bi 2 S 3 sublimation during ion-milling.

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Re-determination of the crystal structure of heyrovskyite mineral Pb6Bi2S9 (Kudryavyi Volcano, Iturup Island, Kurils, Russia)

et al. 2012

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Rare Sulfosalts From Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. V. Selenian Heyrovskyite

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb₂AsS₃(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation

First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb₂AsS₃(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation

Transmission electron microscopy investigation of Ag-free lillianite and heyrovskyite from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Re-determination of the crystal structure of heyrovskyite mineral Pb6Bi2S9 (Kudryavyi Volcano, Iturup Island, Kurils, Russia)

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Rare Sulfosalts From Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. V. Selenian Heyrovskyite

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation

First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation

Transmission electron microscopy investigation of Ag-free lillianite and heyrovskyite from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Re-determination of the crystal structure of heyrovskyite mineral Pb6Bi2S9 (Kudryavyi Volcano, Iturup Island, Kurils, Russia)

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First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb₂AsS₃(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation

First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb₂AsS₃(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation