This study aims to assess the impact of technological innovation on green total factor productivity (GTFP), within Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, by using a panel data over the period 1996–2017. The results show that technological innovation has a significant positive influence on GTFP. The interaction between technological innovation and the economic development level has a significant negative impact on GTFP. However, the interaction between technological innovation and foreign direct investment (FDI) has no significant influence on GTFP. In addition, technological innovation has a positive effect on GTFP when the economic development level is lower than the threshold value. However, technological innovation has an otherwise insignificant promotional effect. Technological innovation has a positive effect on GTFP when FDI is below the threshold value, and it has a slightly significant positive impact when FDI exceeds the threshold value. Therefore, various measures should be taken to guide technological innovation and improve its quality to promote GTFP and realize sustainable development.

This study aims to examine the impact of Internet development on the urban-rural income gap in China. By using a provincial level panel dataset comprising 31 of China’s provinces, it analyzes and compares the effects of the eastern, central, and western regions over the period of 2005–2016. The results show that Internet development aggravates the gap in the central region much more than that in the eastern and western regions. The trade openness expands the urban-rural income gap only in the eastern region. Urbanization reduces the urban-rural income gap in the western region more than that in the eastern and central regions. Additionally, the regional economic development level also reduces the urban-rural income gap in central region more than that in the eastern region. FDI reduces the urban-rural income gap only in the central region. Additionally, while the urban-rural income gap can widen further by Internet development with trade openness, it can be decreased if Internet development is combined with FDI and urbanization. To reduce urban-rural income gap, the government should accelerate the construction of Internet according to regional differences.

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