Compared with typical outdoor spaces, indoor spaces are clustered and have a fragmented social structure and diverse groups use the space in different ways, which results in different conceptualizations. Accordingly, these spaces pose many challenges for spatial information systems, amongst them appropriate spatial communication with users as different conceptualizations result in different communication needs. The conceptualizations are hierarchical in nature and, thus, information systems also require hierarchical representations of indoor spaces. In this paper we present a hierarchization process that acounts for different use roles. The hierarchization exploits structural, functional, and organizational dimensions and allows for communicating different aspects of the space in a way tailored to the specific user groups.

A study to determine the conceptual design of a 13 MeV proton cyclotron for PET (Positron Emission Tomography) facility has been carried out. Based on studies on reactions of PET radioisotopes production, reaction cross-sections and some design references, a design of the proton cyclotron is proposed. The design criteria for the main components are decided using empirical and semitheoretical methods, as well as by referring to data regarding cyclotrons for PET production. The empirical method was carried out by using some data from operational experiences of BATAN cyclotron at Serpong, while the semitheoretical method was carried out by using the commonly used equations of cyclotron basic theory. The general layout of components and the main components, namely the ion source, the RF dees, the magnet, and the extractor are discussed. Based on the calculations and on the data used, the cyclotron is designed as a negative ion acceleration cyclotron with internal ion source. The designated proton energy and beam currents are 13 MeV and 50 µA. Its magnetic field is in the relativistic mode with sectors on the pole. The magnetic field intensity at the extraction radius is 12.745 kG and in the innermost radius is 12.571 kG. The magnetic poles consist of four sectors to make adequate space for components placement such as dees, ion source, extractor and beam probe. The dee angle is 43 0 . The dee operates at 78 MHz on the fourth harmonic. A multifoil extractor is chosen to obtain an efficient operation.

The magnet is one of the main components of a cyclotron, used to form a circular particle beam trajectories and to provide focusing of the beam. To support the mastery of 13-MeV proton cyclotron technologies, cyclotron magnet design must be done to satisfy cyclotron magnet requirements. This research was conducted by studying important parameters in designing the cyclotron magnet which is then used to determine the design requirements. The magnet design was based on the results of a 3D simulation using Opera 3D software. Opera 3D is a software developed by Cobham plc to solve physical problems in 3D such as magnetostatic using finite element methods. The simulation started by drawing a 3D model of the magnet using a modeler, followed by magnetic field calculations by Tosca module in the Opera 3D software. Simulation results were analyzed with the Genspeo software to determine whether the parameters of the cyclotron magnet have met design requirements. The results indicate that the magnet design satisfied the cyclotron magnet design requirement, that B in the median plane of the magnetic pole approached the isochronous curve, providing axial and radial focusing beam, crossing the resonance line at v r = 1 when the particle energy is low and the particle energy is more than 13 MeV, and lead to small enough phase shift of about 13°. The dimension of the cyclotron magnet is 1.96 m × 1.30 m × 1.21 m; its weight is 17.3 ton; its coil current is 88,024 ampere-turn; its center magnetic field is 1.27479 T; its maximum magnetic field is 1.942116 T; its minimum magnetic field is 0.7689 T; its valley gap is 120 mm; its hill gaps are 40 to 50.78 mm; and its hill angles are 35° to 44°.

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<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between (1) knowledge of the environment with environmental friendly attitude of students at SMA Negeri in Karanganyar Regency. (2) the learning achievement of geography with environmental friendly attitude of students at SMA Negeri in Karanganyar Regency. (3) The environmental knowledge and learning achievement geography with environmental friendly attitude at SMA Negeri in Karanganyar Regency. The study included in descriptive quantitative research. The population of the study was all students of class XI IPS in SMA Negeri at Karanganyar in 2015/2016 academic year. This study took 6 samples of public school with cluster random sampling based on the location of villages, towns and curriculum used. In this research data collection tool used is by using instruments namely test and questionnaire. Data analysis technique is done with normality test, linearity, multicollinearity test, homogeneity test, the first and the second hypothesis testing and the third hypothesis testing. The results showed that (1) there is positive and significant correlation between environmental knowledge with environmental friendly attitude in SMA Negeri at Karanganyar Regency. This can be shown by the correlation between the variable X1 with Y is the result of computation robtained of 0,149 &gt; rtable of 0,137. (2) There is a significant positive correlation between learning achievement of geography with environmental friendly attitude in SMA Negeri at Karanganyar Regency, it is proved the coefficient of correlation between variable X2 with Y is the result of computation robtained of 0,228 and rtables for 0,137. (3) There is a significant correlation between environmental knowledge and learning achievement of environmental geography with environmental friendly attitude of student SMA Negeri in Karanganyar Regency. It can be seen from ANOVA test obtained the value of fobtained of 6,321 with a value significant probability of 0,002 whice the ftables on df1=2, df2=203 and α = 0.05 is 3,040 or in other words, the value of ftable &gt; fobtained (6.321&gt;3.040). The model of relationship between these variables is 𝑌 = 55.520 + 0.241𝑋1 + 0.494𝑋2 + 𝜀 from relationship models can be said to be statistically significant. <br /> <br /> <br />Keyword: The environmental science, geography learning achievement and environmental friendly attitude.</p>