Aim: The present study was to investigate the interaction between duck's breed and phytogenic compounds as feed additives in the diet on blood lipid and hematological profile, welfare, and growth performance. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 male day-old local breed ducks (Tegal and Muscovy ducks) were used in this experiment. The first factor was duck breed and the second factor was different phytogenic compounds supplementation in the diet: Garlic, turmeric, ginger, and kencur, at 3% each. The observed variables were the blood lipid profiles comprise high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol total, triglyceride, blood parameters, welfare (heterophil/ lymphocyte [H/L] ratio), and growth performances (feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass percentage). Results: The interaction between breed of ducks and phytogenic compounds had a significant effect on blood triglyceride, but no significant effect on the blood lipid profile, hematological parameters, and growth performances. While, phytogenic compounds in the diet had significant effects on the blood lipid profile, heterophil (H), lymphocyte (L), and H/L ratio of ducks. The breed factors affected HDL and growth performances. Muscovy duck had a higher HDL and growth performance compare to Tegal duck. Among those, garlic most effectively reduced triglyceride level in Tegal duck. Conclusion: Phytogenic compounds 3% do not have a negative effect on the physiological parameters of ducks increase ducks welfare (H/L ratio), so it does not affect the growth performances of ducks. Muscovy duck had higher growth performances than Tegal ducks.
Abstract. This study was conducted to determine the reproductive performance of various breeds of Sentul chicken. The present research was assigned in an experiment model with a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 breeds of Sentul chicken as treatments, namely Abu Sentul chicken = SA; Batu Sentul Chicken=SB; Emas Sentul Chicken=SE; Debu Sentul Chicken=SD; and Geni Sentul Chicken=SG. Each treatment was repeated 5 times with 4 female and 1 male birds each, thus the total number of chicken were 100 females and 25 males with an average initial female weight was 1,336.05±84.99 g and male weight was 2,050.53±121.78 g. The experiment was conducted for 14 weeks started from 20 week old until 34 week old. Variables measured were spermatozoa production, fertility, and hatchability. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and HSD test. Results showed that various breeds of Sentul chicken had no significant effect (P>0.05) on spermatozoa production, and had significant effect (P<0.05) on fertility and hatchability. It can be concluded that spermatozoa production of various breeds of Sentul chicken are relatively similar, while fertility and hatchability of Emas chicken was lower than that of Abu Sentul chicken and Batu Sentul Chicken. Key words:Reproductive performance, spermatozoa production, fertility, hatchability, Sentul chicken Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kinerja reproduksi berbagai jenis ayam Sentul. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), Perlakuan adalah 5 jenis ayam Sentul yang terdiri atas ayam Sentul Abu = SA; ayam Sentul Batu = SB; ayam Sentul Emas = SE; ayam Sentul Debu = SD; dan ayam Sentul Geni = SG. Setiap perlakuan diulang 5 kali masing-masing terdiri dengan 4 betina dan 1 ekor jantan, sehingga jumlah total ayam sentul ada 100 ekor betina dan 25 ekor jantan dengan berat awal rata-rata ayam betina adalah 1.336,05±84,99 g dan berat ayam jantansebesar 2.050,53±121,78 g. Penelitian dilakukan selama 14 minggu mulai dari umur 20 minggu sampai 34 minggu. Variabel yang diukur adalah produksi spermatozoa, fertilitas, dan daya tetas. Data yang diperoleh kemudiandianalisis variasi dan dilanjutkan uji BNJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai jenis ayam Sentul tidak berpengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap produksi spermatozoa, dan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) pada fertilitas dan daya tetas. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa produksi spermatozoa berbagai jenis ayam Sentul relatif sama, sedangkan fertilitas dan daya tetas ayam Sentul Emas lebih rendah dibandingkan ayam Sentul Abu dan ayam Sentul Batu.
Sexually mature Indonesian native hens (Sentul hens) were housed singly in laying cages and artificially inseminated with combination of three different levels of diluted pooled semen (50 million sperm/0.05 ml; 100 million sperm/0.1 ml; and 150 million sperm/0.15 ml) and at either of three different intervals (every 3, 6 and 9 days). The results show that the sperm number and Insemination intervals had no significant interaction (P>0.05) on % fertility and hatchability. The best fertility around 90 %; P<0.05 was obtained by inseminating interval 6 days with sperm number 100 million/0.1 ml of diluted semen.
Duck is one of the commodities that contribute to the national livestock production and Central Java is home to the fourth biggest duck population after West Java, South Sulawesi and East Java. The 2019 egg production in Central Java was 36.174 tons or 11.3% of the total egg production nationwide. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the effect of environmental factor, total number and age of ducks on egg production in Central Java. Specifically, this study aimed to observe the effect of region on egg production and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the total livestock (chicken), age (month), stocking density (ducks/m2), internal housing temperature (oC), and humidity (%) on Hen day production/HDP. A survey engaging purposive random sampling was conducted on the population of duck farming in Central Java especially Tegal, Pemalang and Brebes districts. The data were subjected to General Linear Model (GLM) and a regression-correlation analysis using an SPSS program. The result showed that region significantly affected hen day production (HDP) but did not affect FCR. Housing temperature affected HDP by 14.9% and the higher the temperature, the lower the HDP. Duck age affected HDP by 11.7%, and the older the ducks the lower the egg production. Duck population, stocking density and humidity did not significantly affect egg production. Conclusively, duck egg production (HDP) is significantly affected by temperature inside the housing and the duck age.
The aim of this study was to determine differences in growth, carcass production and identify polymorphisms of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) gene in Muscovy ducks from the second generation selection (G2). The research material used 180-day-old Muscovy ducks consisting of male and female ducks with white feathers and male and female ducks with a combination of black and white feathers. Measurement of duck body weight was carried out every week, and ducks are slaughtered at 10 weeks to obtain carcass production data. The data obtained were analyzed by systat-13 program based on variance analysis and Duncan test. The primary design was based on a database of the genebank Cairina moschata adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) gene, exons 1, 2 and partial cds (FJ763338.1). The primary base sequence of the A-FABP gene was the primary forward: 5’-TCTGGGGGTGTTATCTGGAG -3’ and reverse primer: 5’-ATTTGTCAGTGGCTGTGCTG -3’. The sequencing results of PCR products were analyzed using bioedit version 7.7 to determine the presence of the A-FABP gene polymorphism. The results showed that at the same age male Muscovy ducks produced carcass weight, and thickness of breast meat higher than female ducks. Body weight, carcass weight and parts of the carcass (breast, thigh, back, and wings) of a combination black-white feather male ducks higher than the male white feathers. The abdominal fat on all the ducks relatively the same. The A-FABP gene PCR product was at 176 bp. The results of bioedit analysis showed that at 151 bp, base length there was a mutation from Guanin to Adenin in the observed Cairina moschata, both male and female Muscovy ducks with white feathers and black-white combinations. All ducks observed had homozygous AA genotypes. Base changes in SNP c. 151G> A indicate a transition mutation. The study concluded that male Muscovy duck with a combination black-white feathers have highest genetic potential in body weight and carcass production with thick meat breast compared to other ducks. The weight of abdominal fat was relatively the same in male and female manila ducks. The A-FABP gene in manila ducks was monomorphic.
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