Nanoanatase TiO2 of high crystallinity was prepared by a novel simple route at a temperature of 100 degrees C under mild conditions. Tetrabutyl titanate was used as a titanium precursor, Acetic acid was used as an inhibitor, and diethyl ether anhydrous was used as a solvent. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectroscopy (Raman), BET surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) were applied to characterize the crystallinity, morphology, surface structure, and other physicochemical properties of the nanoanatase TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared photocatalyst was evaluated by the photodegradation of formaldehyde in aqueous solution and compared with the commercial photocatalyst, namely, Degussa P-25. The result showed that the sample prepared at low temperature showed photocatalytic activity. The activity of the sample prepared at 120 degrees C was high and close to the sample calcined at 300 degrees C for 2 h. The degradation of formaldehyde by the highest active sample (calcined at 400 degrees C for 1 h) could almost achieve 100% within 80 min, which exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity than Degussa P-25

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Granular carboxymethyl starch (CMS) with high degree of substitution (DS) was synthesized using a modified dry process. The carboxymethylation reaction was carried out with granular potato starch, solid NaOH and sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA). The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of NaOH and SMCA to starch on the degree of substitution (DS) and the reaction efficiency (RE) of CMS were investigated. High DS up to 0.78 was obtained for reaction at 323 K for 6 h with molar ratio of NaOH and SMCA to starch being 2:2:1. CMS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy.

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Acid-resisting ultramarine blue pigment was prepared by a novel two-step silica coating process which is dense liquid coating followed by a sol-gel process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET surface area analysis were used to characterize the composition of elements, surface structure, and morphology on the coating films. Uniform, smooth, and dense silica films on the irregular particles of ultramarine pigment were obtained via novel two-step coatings. Acid resistance of the silica-coated ultramarine blue was evaluated by immersing the pigment in 10 wt % hydrochloric acid. The silica-coated ultramarine blue prepared by the novel two-step process shows the 10th grade of acid resistance, which exhibits much higher acid resistance than that by dense liquid, sol-gel, and conventional two-step coatings. Furthermore, leaching experiments indicated that no sulfur was leached out for the sample prepared by novel two-step coatings, while hydrogen sulfide concentrations from 0.018 to 0.34 mg/L were detected in the leaching solutions for the samples prepared by the conventional two-step coating, dense liquid coating, and sol-gel process.Fujian Pucheng Max Pigment Co

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The effect of mixed urease inhibitors on NH3 volatilization from surface-applied urea was studied. The results showed that mixed urease inhibitors could effectively reduce NH3 volatilization. Mixed urease inhibitors of 0.05% N-(nbutyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and 0.05% N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NPPT) reduced NH3 volatilization of23.8% or 28.8% compared with the treatments with single NBPT or NPPT. Mixed inhibitors showed more effectiveness on slowing urea hydrolysis and maintaining lower soil NH4 + concentration for a long time than single inhibitor.