Control in size, crystallinity, and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via coprecipitate method were investigated. A systematic change in particle size, crystallinity, and optical properties was observed by increasing synthesis temperature from 65°C to 75°C. A detailed study also suggested that smaller nucleation time is better to control the size distribution but the crystallinity will be compromised accordingly. Postannealing of ZnO NPs at 400°C also improves the crystal quality. Ultraviolet (UV) sensors were successfully synthesized and the results suggested that as-synthesized ZnO NPs can be used as active material for sensor applications.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were immobilized on polyurethane foam (PUF) and employed for the degradation of Acid black 1 dye (AB1). The ZnO/PUF was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) techniques. Process variables i.e., dye concentration, pH, concentration of H 2 O 2 , irradiation time were optimized for maximum degradation of dye. ZnO/PUF showed promising efficiency for the degradation of AB1 dye and up to 86% and 65% dye degradation was achieved under UV and solar light irradiation at neutral pH, 4% H 2 O 2 , 240 min/sunlight and 75 min/UV irradiation time using 40 mg l −1 dye initial concentration. The optimum conditions were applied for the treatment of textile wastewater and biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced up to 70% and 80%, respectively. In view of promising photocatalytic activity (PCA), ZnO/PUF could possibly be used for the treatment of wastewater contains dyes.
The soil texture differs from loam to clay loam, loam and sandy loam with basic pH. Organic matter was high in all the communities; saturation varied from 30 to 51%, Nitrogen differed from 0.53 to 0.87%, Phosphorus from 9 to 16 ppm, Potassium from 256 to 768 ppm; electrical conductivity varied from 2.3 to 5.6.
The morphology and pigment contents of sporophytes and gametophytes of ten fern species were studied. In the morphological study, variations were found in stipe, texture, rachis, fronds and sori of these species. Photosynthestic pigment contents of sporophyte and gametophyte of ten species vary to a great extent. Even sporophyte and gametophyte of same species vary in pigment content. Sporophyte revealed higher chlorophyll content than gametophyte. The highest chlorophyll a and b were found in the gametophyte of Cetarach officinarum Gametophyte of Adiantum flabellatum produced maximum anthocyanin whereas minimum anthocyanin content was found in the sporophyte of Cetarach dalhousiae. The highest carotenoid content was obtained from the gametophyte of Cheilanthus albomarginata. Altitudinal variations were also found to affect morphology and pigment content of sporophytes and gametophytes of ten fern species.
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