The present study is based on the measurement of concentrations of selected trace metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb) and thyroid hormones (TSH and T) in blood serum of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients in comparison with healthy donors/controls in order to establish the imbalances of the trace metals in diseased subjects. The serum samples were digested in HNO-HClO mixture and quantification of the metals was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Average levels of Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb and TSH were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the serum of hypothyroid patients compared with other donor categories, while mean concentrations of Mn, Cd and T were significantly elevated in the serum of hyperthyroid patients compared with other donor groups (p < 0.05). The correlation pattern of trace metals in the serum of patient groups revealed significantly different mutual associations compared with the controls. PCA and CA pointed out the interferences of the toxic metals with essential metals in the serum of both patient groups compared with the controls. Most of the metals exhibited noticeable disparities in their concentrations based on gender, food habits and tobacco use for all donor groups. Thus, the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases is significantly affecting the essential trace and toxic metals balance in both patients groups.

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Purpose: The study was conducted to determine the association of screen time with the shoulder pain and disability among office workers. Method: A cross sectional Analytical study was conducted on office workers in Islamabad and Rawalpindi from July 2020 To January 2021. 370 office workers of age 25-45 and having working hours greater than 6 were included in the study. Association between the variables was checked by calculating r value of SPADI variables individually with screen time and it was 0.271 for Screen time and SPADI pain scale, 0.240 for Screen time and SPADI disability scale, and 0.245 for Screen time and total SPADI score. Findings: As all the values lies between 0-0.3, it shows that there is a weak positive co-relation between the Screen time and Shoulder pain and disability. The results of the current study concluded that there is a week positive correlation between the screen time and SPADI. Practical Implications: Overusing screen-based technologies is creating issues in the community by harming physical health, contributing to bad posture, and misaligning the skeleton. Therefore, the research will provide a starting point for data from which additional research can be done. Keywords: SPADI pain and disability, Shoulder disability, Painful Shoulder, Office workers and screen time.