Based on electron density profiles obtained from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) we report X‐ray flare responses in the E region ionosphere of Mars during six events that occurred on 28 March and 6 April 2001, 17 and 18 March and 21 April 2003, and 19 February 2005. We have developed a time‐dependent Analytical Yield Spectrum model to calculate a time series of photoionization rate, photoelectron impact ionization rate, photoelectron flux, ion density, electron density, and ionospheric electron content (IEC) of the E region for each flare day. The estimated production rate, flux, and densities increase by 1–2 orders of magnitude due to effect of these flares in the E region ionosphere of Mars. The estimated IEC are compared with the measured IEC. It is found that the normalized IEC of the simulated E layer increased by a factor of 5–10 at the flare time compared to a factor of 2 enhancements in the normalized IEC of the corresponding MGS profiles.

We report the first model result for the dust densities and electron densities in the D region ionosphere of Mars for aerosol particles of different sizes during a major dust storm that occurred in Martian Year (MY) 25 at low latitude. These calculations are made at latitude 10°S and solar longitudes (Ls) = 200°, 220°, 250°, and 280° for high, medium, low, and absence of dust storms, respectively. Four corresponding dust layers were found at 50 km, 50 km, 38 km, and 25 km during these events. During high dust storm period, the optical depth and dust density increased by a factor of ~20 from its normal condition. The electron densities estimated for the D region ionosphere of Mars for submicron sized dust particles are largest as compared to that estimated for larger particles. The electron density reduced by ~2 orders of magnitude during high dust storm. The estimated electron density in the clear atmosphere of Mars is compared with measurements of Earth's ionosphere at nearly the same geophysical condition.

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