Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improve the osteoarthritis condition, but the fate of MSCs after intra-articular injection is unclear. We used fluorescent nanoparticles (quantum dots [QDs]) to track equine MSCs (QD-labelled MSCs [QD-MSCs]) in vivo after intra-articular injection into normal and osteoarthritic joints. One week after injection of QD-MSCs, unlabelled MSCs, or vehicle, we determined the presence of QD-MSCs in synovium and articular cartilage histologically. In vitro, we evaluated the persistence of QDs in MSCs and whether QDs affected proliferation, immunophenotype, or differentiation. In joints injected with QD-MSCs, labelled cells were identified on the synovial membrane and significantly less often on articular cartilage, without differences between normal and osteoarthritic joints. Joints injected with QD-MSCs and MSCs had increased synovial total nucleated cell count and protein compared with vehicle-injected joints. In vitro, QDs persisted in nonproliferating cells for up to 8 weeks (length of the study), but QD fluorescence was essentially absent from proliferating cells within two passages (approximately 3 to 5 days). QD labelling did not affect MSC differentiation into chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteocytes. QD-MSCs had slightly different immunophenotype from control cells, but whether this was due to an effect of the QDs or to drift during culture is unknown.QD-MSCs can be visualized in histological sections 1 week after intra-articular injection and are more frequently found in the synovial membrane versus cartilage in both normal and osteoarthritic joints. QDs do not alter MSC viability and differentiation potential in vitro. However, QDs are not optimal markers for long-term tracking of MSCs, especially under proliferative conditions.

Purpose This study aims to determine if intra-ovarian injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves or restores ovarian function in aged females. Methods Prospective randomized study of eight aged mares and six young mares receiving intra-ovarian injection of MSCs or vehicle. Main outcome measures were antral follicle count and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) (aged and young mares), and for aged mares, oocyte meiotic and developmental competence; gross and histological ovarian assessment; evaluation of presence of chimerism in recovered granulosa cells and in ovarian tissue samples; and gene expression in ovarian tissue as assessed by RNA sequencing. Results Injection of MSCs was not associated with significant changes in follicle number, oocyte recovery rate on follicle aspiration, oocyte maturation rate, or blastocyst rate after ICSI in aged mares, or in changes in follicle number in young mares. There were no significant changes in peripheral AMH concentrations, indicating a lack of effect on growing follicles. MSC donor DNA was not recovered in granulosa cells or in ovarian tissue, indicating lack of persistence of injected MSC. RNA sequencing revealed significant differences in gene expression between MSC-and vehicle-injected ovaries. Conclusions Intra-ovarian injection of bone marrow-derived MSCs altered gene expression but did not improve ovarian function in aged mares.

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Caudal epidural detomidine and morphine may mitigate the requirement for frequent systemic opioid administration after a potentially painful procedure.

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El diagnóstico genético preimplantacional (DGP) es un procedimiento utilizado para examinar embriones producidos in vitro o embriones recuperados por medio de lavado uterino para detectar, mediante análisis de ADN, ciertas características genéticas antes de transferir el embrión al útero. Los métodos utilizados para obtener biopsias celulares para DGP de embriones pequeños (mórulas compactas y blastocistos tempranos < 300 µm de diámetro), inicialmente no fueron exitosos en embriones de mayor tamaño (blastocistos expandidos > 300 µm de diámetro). La exitosa biopsia de blastocistos equinos expandidos mediante el uso de micromanipulación, con subsiguientes tasas de preñez normales, fue reportada por primera vez en el año 2010. Para analizar el ADN, se puede utilizar PCR cuando se evalúa solamente un gen, por ejemplo para diagnóstico del sexo, mientras que la amplificación del genoma completo es efectiva para PCR múltiple cuando se analizan varios genes.