In evaluating diagnosis of CKD can detect in covid-19 positive patient by estimation of few bio-chemical markers like erythropoietin level, cystatin-C (CysC), BTP (beta trace protein.), IL- 6, IL-8 and TNF alpha. Those chemical parameters usually may be potential diagnostic aspect. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of biochemical markers of CKD in covid positive patients those are taking dialysis twice in a week and also to evaluate the risk factors among 50 ICU and non-ICU individuals at salboni super speciality hospital, WB over a period of 6 months (June 2020 to Nov 2020). Blood samples were collected by using venipuncture technique from ICU and non-ICU individuals then serum is separated from the whole blood sample. Then the serum samples were performing CLIA immunoassay technique for detecting those biomarkers. Erythropoietin level was decreased significantly across CKD in age group (40-49) and also age group (50-59) for female and for the male age group (30-39) is significantly decreased in EPO level. Whereas the rest age groups are significantly increased in EPO level. Beta trace protein of all the groups are significantly increased remaining age group (40-49) for male. Cystatin C level, IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha level is significantly increased of all the groups both male and female. This is in contrast to the bio-chemical markers of CKD in covid patient, many of which are new and unfamiliar to clinicians, relatively costly, and lack the demonstrated clinical benefit over current methods to fully justify their wide implementation.
Background & Objectives: This study was aimed to observe the susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infection (RTI). Respiratory tract infection is considered as one of the major public health problems and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries. Respiratory tract is the part of the human system that plays a vital role in breathing processes. In human, the respiratory system can be subdivided into an Upper respiratory tract and a Lower respiratory tract based on anatomical features. The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to microbes due to the extensive surface area. Methods: The present study was conducted retrospectively for a period of one year November 2021 to October 2022. All respiratory specimens included Sputum, BAL, throat swab; endotracheal aspirate specimens were collected aseptically from patients and cultured on the appropriate bacteriological media (Blood agar, MacConkey agar & Chocolate Agar). Bacterial isolates were identified by biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility performed by standard methods as per CLSI 2022. Results: 152 (72.3%) of total 210 samples were positive for bacterial culture. 126 (82.8%) were gram negative bacilli (GNB) and 26 (17.1%) were gram positive cocci (GPC). The predominant pathogen isolated was K. pneumoniae 46 (30.2%) followed by Escherichia coli 28 (18.4%).The overall susceptibility of GNB was highest towards Imipenem, Meropenem followed by Piperacillin tazobactam and Amikacin. Gram positive organisms exhibited highest susceptibility towards Vancomycin and Linezolid. Conclusion: Imipenem is the most sensitive antibiotic followed by Piperacillin tazobactam and Amikacin which can be used for empirical therapy for respiratory tract infections (RTI). The antibiotic therapy should be modified as per the culture and sensitivity report. Regular determinations of the type of bacterial pathogens and updation of antibiogram must be followed in every institution to aid in better patient management by helping the clinician in the judicious use of antibiotics.
Long exposure of broad spectrum antibiotic can severe causes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production within bacteria in UTI patient. Community-acquired infections due to ESBL producing and both are rising worldwide. To assess the prevalence and antibiotics resistance patterns of ESBL-producing and Klebsiella spp. from covid positive patient admitted in HDU with catheterized condition. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on Salboni Super speciality Hospital (Covid Level-IV) at West Bengal, India from August 2020 to August2021and a total of 1116 urine samples were collected from catheterized patient admitted in male and female HDU due to exposure of covid. Samples were cultured on CLED agar and then Identification of the isolates was done by Gram's staining followed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpretation was done following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines foe detection of ESBL producing and . present study showed 51.6% (n-326) and 37.2% (n-235) Klebsiella spp. from 631 significant growths from both male and female patients. Out of this, total ESBL producing and spp. seen 55% (n-309) from both male and femle patient in different age group. Finally Isolated ESBL producing i 45.9 % (n-142) and ESBL producing Klebsiella spp. 54 % (n- 167) from both male and female HDU.Detection of ESBL producing and due to prolonged uses of broad spectrum antibiotic vigorously. The occurrence of multidrug resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracyclines is more common among ESBL producers. It may help to detect other organism in same condition, so that it will be importance in clinical aspect of future treatment for clinician.
This book is designed specifically to cater to the requirements of undergraduate medical students. The Manual provides information about clinical as well as practical microbiology aspects. The methods used to study and manipulate these minute and mostly unicellular organisms differ from those used in most other biological investigations with the application of microbiological techniques to study microorganisms and their activities in various settings. Salient features Simple and student-friendly text. Precise language and point-wise presentation for easy learning and quick recapitulation of facts during examination. More clinical correlation has been incorporated.
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