With use of variational wave functions, oscillator strengths have been calculated for all the al-lo~ed transitions between the states n 'S, n 'I', n 'D, n S, n 'I', and n D, n &9, in neutral helium, with an estimated accuracy of better than 1% for most of the transitions and better than 0.1% for about a third of the transitions. The error estimate is based on numerical convergence as the number of expansion terms in the wave function is increased. By use of rapidly converging trial functions consisting of two sets of Hylleraas-type basis functions differing in the values of nonlinear parameters, the expansion lengths required are kept moderate (at most 140 terms). A discussion is given about the completeness of the Hylleraas-type basis.
Background:
Glucagon inhibits digestive motility and is used for endoscopic premedication; however, its effect on cardiopulmonary function during endoscopy has not yet been fully investigated.
Aim:
To clarify the efficacy and safety of glucagon compared with butyl scopolamine bromide as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy premedication.
Methods:
Two hundred and forty consecutive patients over 40 years of age, referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, without any complications, were studied. These patients were randomly premedicated with butyl scopolamine bromide (SC group) or glucagon (G group). Time course changes in blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate and the number of retching episodes during endoscopy were examined. The efficacy of glucose tablets after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to prevent hypoglycaemia caused by glucagon was evaluated. Cardiopulmonary parameters were also examined in 77 complicated patients with glucagon premedication (GC group).
Results:
A continuous increase in heart rate during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was observed in the SC group, but not in the G and GC groups. Blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation and number of retching episodes were not different between the groups. Hypoglycaemia‐related symptoms were frequent in the G group without glucose tablets, but were prevented by the administration of glucose.
Conclusions:
Glucagon has a weaker effect on cardiopulmonary function during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy than butyl scopolamine bromide. Glucose administration prevents hypoglycaemia‐related symptoms caused by glucagon.
Plasma polymerized methyl-methacrylate thin film was formed on a glass substrate coated with chromium as a resist for electron-beam lithography. The polymerizations were conducted at two discharge frequencies of 13.56 MHz and 5 KHz using a capacitively coupled discharge electrode system in a bell-jar-type reactor. Delineations were carried out using an electron beam whose diameter and acceleration voltage were 0.5 μm and 20 kV, respectively. As a test pattern, 25 pairs of parallel lines and spaces each having a 10-μm width were delineated in a rectangular area of 0.5×0.5 mm2. Each line of 10-μm width was depicted by sweeping over using the electron beam with 20 repetitions. The patterns were developed on the chromium by CCl4 plasma etching.
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