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INTRODUCTION: We aimed to estimate the proportion of each AT(N) (β-amyloid deposition [A], pathologic tau [T] and neurodegeneration [N]) profile in different clinical diagnosis groups and to describe the longitudinal change in clinical outcomes of individuals in each group. METHODS: Longitudinal change in clinical outcomes and conversion risk of AT(N) profiles are assessed using linear mixed effects models and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. RESULTS: Participants with A+T+N+ showed faster clinical progression than those with AT -N-and A+T±N-. Compared with AT -N-, participants with A+T+N± had an increased risk of conversion from CN to incident prodromal stage of AD, and from MCI to AD dementia. A+T+N+ showed an increased conversion risk when compared with A+T±N-. DISCUSSION: The 2018 research framework may provide prognostic information of clinical change and progression. It may also be useful for targeted recruitment of AD participants into clinical trials.

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In this paper, first, we establish the equivalence of the oscillation of the nonlinear dynamic equationson time scales, from which we obtain some oscillation criteria and comparison theorems for the first equation. Next, we obtain some new oscillation criteria for second-order linear dynamic equations on time scales. (~)

Aims To investigate: (a) the prevalence of overactive bladder among male and female operating room nurses; (b) the unhealthy toileting behaviours that nurses adopt to void their bladders; and (c) the mediating roles that different toileting behaviours play in the relationship between occupational stress and overactive bladder. Design A cross‐sectional design was used. Methods This study was conducted from July ‐ September 2016 in Jinan, China. Four hundred eligible operating room nurses in five hospitals were recruited. Data were collected through survey questionnaires including the nurse job stress scale, the toileting behaviours scale and the overactive bladder symptom score questionnaire. Multivariate linear or logistic regression models, as appropriate, were used to test the mediation effect of each toileting behaviour on the relationship between occupational stress and overactive bladder. Results Overactive bladder was highly prevalent in both male and female nurses working in operating rooms. Approximately one of three nurses reported experiencing an overactive bladder. The most common unhealthy toileting behaviour was delayed voiding. Unhealthy toileting behaviours mediated the relationship between occupational stress and overactive bladder. With high levels of occupational stress, nurses tended to adopt unhealthy toileting behaviours to empty their bladders. The more the nurses engaged in unhealthy toileting behaviours (e.g. delayed voiding and straining to void), the greater the likelihood of having overactive bladders. Conclusions This study highlights the mediating role of toileting behaviours on occupational stress and overactive bladder. To accommodate occupational stress, nurses engaged in unhealthy toileting behaviours that were detrimental to their bladder health.

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Limited information is available about the current epidemic status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Guangdong province in South China, where hepatitis B is endemic. We sought to provide an up-to-date assessment of hepatitis B prevalence in a large population through a community-based study. A total of 169,211 local residents were recruited using the stratified cluster random sampling method from 2014 to 2015, and each participant’s information was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Accordingly, the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the total population was 8.76%. HBsAg prevalence was lowest (0.29%) among children aged 0–12 years and highest (12.71%) among those aged 23–59 years. Moreover, the prevalence (8.82%) in males approximately equalled that (8.65%) in females (P > 0.05). Overall, vaccination was effective in preventing HBV infection, regardless of age. Among adults aged 23–59 years, male sex tended to keep the HBsAg persistence. However, reduced persistence for participants with occasional physical exercise and drinking was observed. For participants older than 59 years, a history of prior surgery placed people at high risk for infection. Although Guangdong has successfully decreased the HBsAg prevalence among children, it is urgent to expand vaccination to adults, and employ interventions to reduce the infection risk.