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Hollow hierarchical hydroxyapatite/Au/polyelectrolyte hybrid microparticles with a hollow HAP core and polymer multilayer/Au nanoparticle shell for multi-responsive drug delivery have been prepared via an LbL technique.

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To analyse the stable operation range with varied input and output voltages, bifurcation behaviours and operation region of current-mode-controlled single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) boost converter are investigated. The inductor current borders and one-dimensional discrete-mapping model are deduced firstly. On the basis of the model, the bifurcation diagram and corresponding Lyapunov exponent spectrum are analysed. Two transition conditions and boundary equations of the converter are derived, where its working state transits from stability to instability, and its operation mode shifts from continuous conduction mode (CCM) to discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The operation region with different circuit parameters can be estimated and divided through the parameter space maps, which is significant for the design of circuit parameters and stability control. Time-domain simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis results. The research results show that the three kinds of bifurcation behaviours including period-doubling bifurcation, border collision bifurcation, and tangential bifurcation exist in the current-mode-controlled SIDO boost converters. Different from the previous works, the SIDO boost converter has a particular bifurcation trend when border collisions occur. The trend includes that operation mode shifts from CCM to DCM and then backs to CCM, and system period increases or decreases doubly.

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