No abstract

No abstract

Background: Both Paget's disease (PD) and nipple adenoma (NA) are rare lesions occurred on nipple and share some similarities in clinical manifestations, but there are have different pathological manifestations and imaging findings. This study analyzed the clinicopathological and imaging features of PD in nipple and NA to improve our knowledge about these two diseases and to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Retrospectively analyzed 99 female patients confirmed by surgery and pathology from January 2014 to December 2018. The features of imaging examination included 95 cases of breast ultrasound, 83 cases of breast X-ray and 24 cases of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed and compered the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy. Results:The 99 patients consisted of 76 patients with PD and 23 patients with NA. Despite the similarity of clinical manifestations between PD and NA, the pathological features of these diseases were completely different. Differences in various imaging manifestations were found to facilitate differential diagnosis. Breast X-ray and ultrasound can discover the nipple areola changes such as mass and calcification, but some cases still show negative. Breast MRI can clearly show the areola lesions of nipple PD and NA, accurately evaluate the degree and size of breast lesions, and help clinicians choose appropriate and personalized diagnosis and treatment methods. Conclusions:The combination of multiple breast imaging examinations (including X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI) can improve the diagnosis of PD and NA and play a guiding role in the options for clinical treatment.

Biology is a source of inspiration for many functional aspects of engineered systems. Fish can provide guidance for the design of animal-like robots, which have soft elastic bodies that are a continuum of actuator, sensor, and information processor. Fish respond to minute pressure changes in water, generating thrust and gaining lift from obstacles in the current, altering the shape of body and fins and using sensory nerves in their muscles to control them. Dielectric Elastomer (DE) artificial muscles offer a mechanism for a fish muscle actuator. DE devices have already been shown to outperform natural muscle in terms of active stress, strain, and speed[1-3]. DE's also have multi-functional capabilities that include actuation, sensing, logic and even energy harvesting, all achievable through appropriate control of charge [4,5]. But DE actuators must be designed so that they provide enough torque to drive the tail and develop useful forward thrust.In this study bench-top measurements of maximum torque and deflection data for DE actuators have been collected and compared with active torques measured using an instrumented stepper motor driven robotic fish based on the New Zealand Snapper (Pagrus auratus). The rear half of the robot was driven at the mid-section by a stepper motor and a torque sensor interposed between motor and robot body measured swimming torque for a range of speeds and tail amplitudes. The candidate DE actuators were based on a double cone device first described by Choi and co workers [6], consisting of two convex conical membrane actuators held apart by a stiff central pin. Actuation on one side resulted in rotation of the robotic segment as depicted in figure 1.Two actuator designs were evaluated: Model 1 supported 6 actuators, three each side (figure 1). For the second design we substituted a long tent-shaped actuator in the place of the trio of conical actuators. Instead of pins, rectangular pieces of acrylic (Model 2) held the membrane tents on opposing faces apart. A double thickness muscle for the Model 2 actuator was also tested. 3M 4905 VHB acrylic tape (St. Paul, USA) was used f 500 µm the tape was stretch carbon powder (XC72 GPface electrodes. Each actua tive and protective layer on electrodes to a power suppl Of the two designs, Mod also doubled the blocked to also had a much greater ran segments.The robotic fish tail was realistic tail amplitudes of torque per cycle was 0.08 N ±22° of angle. Out of the w showed that friction could a These results suggest th magnitude required to drive and under evaluation. In pa sensing: an important step o

No abstract