With the wide application of low bit-rate codecs in speech communication systems, low bit-rate speech streams have become new cover media of great potential for steganography. In this paper, through analyzing the pitch period prediction process in G.729 codec, the pitch parameter of the second speech subframe is found suitable for performing embedding. Then a novel triple-layer steganography method is proposed for low bit-rate speech streams. In this method, modification directions (adding or subtracting one) of the pitch parameter are selected adaptively in order to achieve a high embedding efficiency. Based on the "Hamming+ 1" scheme, we use the matrix encoding method twice to increase the hiding capacity. Experimental results show that while keeping a good perceived quality of the synthetic speech, the proposed method has a good real-time performance and a satisfactory steganography security.
A novel multi-party quantum steganography protocol based on quantum secret sharing is proposed in this paper. Hidden channels are built in HBB and improved HBB quantum secret sharing protocols for secret messages transmitting, via the entanglement swapping of GHZ states and Bell measurement. Compared with the original protocol, there are only a few different GHZ sates transmitted in the proposed protocol, making the hidden channel with good imperceptibility. Moreover, the secret messages keep secure even when the hidden channel is under the attack from the dishonest participators, for the subsecretmessages distributed randomly to different participators. With good imperceptibility and security, the capacity of proposed protocol is higher than previous multi-party quantum steganography protocol.
When implementing the technological process in the forest for logging operations, various factors influence, as well as taxation indicators such as (average diameter, height of the stand, reserve per hectare, availability of growth, completeness, etc.), natural climatic factors (Soil type carrying capacity of soils, depth of snow cover, etc.), degree of operator training, etc. One of the main tasks of rational justification of the technological process of cutting areas development is to find and combine controlled factors, at which performance indicators would be extreme. The most suitable variant of the technological development of the cutting area assumes what should be the intensity of logging, the layout of the cutting area, the number of loading points, and the productivity of harvesting machines. This task will be solved taking into account the influence of logging equipment and technology on the forest environment. The state of the stand left for growing after selective felling and its further development depends on the machine systems used in logging operations. The most important factor in the development of felling areas is the degree of intensity of felling. Since the quality of logging operations will depend on the method of cutting in the development of the cutting area (from the point of view of the impact on the natural environment, the soil cover, the left part of the stand, the adolescent).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.