Objectives This study aimed to clarify the expression profile and significance of lipoxygenases in periodontitis. Materials and Methods The mRNA levels of lipoxygenases in gingival tissues from 14 patients with periodontitis and 14 healthy individuals were determined by real‐time PCR, and validated in datasets, http://GSE16134 and http://GSE10334, and by Western blotting. Correlation of differentially expressed lipoxygenases with clinical parameters and expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8, MMP‐9, and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) was investigated in patients with periodontitis by Spearman's correlation analysis. Results The expression of ALOX5 (2.1‐fold, p < .05), ALOX12B (2.9‐fold, p < .001), and ALOX15B (9.4‐fold, p < .001) was upregulated in gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis, which was validated by dataset analysis and Western blotting. Positive correlations were observed between ALOX5 and probing depth, and ALOX15B and probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Furthermore, ALOX5 expression was positively correlated with TNF‐α, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and RANKL expression, and ALOX15B was positively correlated with MMP‐8 and RANKL. Conclusions Our findings indicated the upregulation of ALOX5 and ALOX15B in periodontitis and suggested that ALOX5 and ALOX15B may be involved in periodontitis pathogenesis, including inflammation, connective tissue destruction, and abnormal bone metabolism.

Background and Objective: Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to the irreversible destruction of dental support tissues. As an epigenetic factor, the expression of circRNA is tissue-dependent and disease-dependent.This study aimed to identify novel periodontitis-associated circRNAs and predict relevant circRNA-periodontitis regulatory network by using recently developed bioinformatic tools and integrating sequencing profiling with clinical information for getting a better and more thorough image of periodontitis pathogenesis, from gene to clinic.Material and Methods: High-throughput sequencing and RT-qPCR were conducted to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in gingival tissues from periodontitis patients. The relationship between upregulated circRNAs expression and probing depth (PD) was performed using Spearman's correlation analysis. Bioinformatic analyses including GO analysis, circRNA-disease association prediction, and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network prediction were performed to clarify potential regulatory functions of identified circRNAs in periodontitis. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established to assess the diagnostic significance of identified circRNAs. Results: High-throughput sequencing identified 70 differentially expressed circRNAs (68 upregulated and 2 downregulated circRNAs) in human periodontitis (fold change >2.0 and p < .05). The top five upregulated circRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR that This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Background: Bile acids, as a group of cholesterol metabolites, play important roles in inflammation and bone metabolism. However, the possible link between bile acids and periodontitis is still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the alterations of the bile acid profile and corresponding receptor expression levels in periodontitis patients, and evaluate their association with periodontitis severity. Methods:The concentrations of 15 bile acids in gingival tissues from 16 periodontitis patients and 16 healthy individuals were tested by metabolomics.Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) expression was determined by realtime PCR and immunohistochemistry, which was also validated in two datasets, GSE16134 and GSE10334. The correlation between bile acids, S1PR2, and clinical parameters was analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis, and receiveroperator characteristic (ROC) curves were examined to access the ability of bile acids and S1PR2 for defining local periodontitis status. Results: In the periodontitis group, concentrations of total bile acids were elevated by increases of all bile acid forms, and five conjugated bile acids were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the expression of their receptor, S1PR2, was also upregulated in the periodontitis group. Positive correlations were further observed between glycocholic acid (GCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), S1PR2, and periodontal clinical parameters.ROC analysis also showed combinations of two bile acids (GCA and TCDCA) with S1PR2 as novel signatures for indicating local periodontitis status. Conclusion:Our findings demonstrated the alterations of the bile acid profile and receptor S1PR2 expression in periodontitis patients, and provided evidence of association between bile acids and periodontitis status.