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A superhydrophobic ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH)-La film was prepared by a hydrothermal method and further modification by laurate anions in this work. Comprehensive characterizations of this film were performed in terms of morphology, composition, structure, roughness, and wettability by scanning electronic microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy. The long-term corrosion protection effect of this superhydrophobic film was investigated deeply by monitoring the changes of the electrochemical impedance spectra for a long time of up to a month in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. In the meantime, the changes of the contact angle were also recorded with the evolution of the immersion time. The result indicated that the stable superhydrophobic ZnAl-LDH-La film was able to provide efficient protection for the underlying Al substrate for a long time. In addition, the capability of the superhydrophobic surface against harsh conditions, including chemical damages and physical damages, was emphatically investigated. It was found that the superhydrophobic surface was chemically stable toward acid (pH ≥ 3), alkali, and heating, and it also exhibited high ultraviolet (UV) radiation resistance. This superhydrophobic coating maintained superhydrophobicity for 7 days of radiation in an UV chamber equipped with a 40 W UV lamp (λ = 254 nm), indicating superior ability of adapting to outdoor environment. This comprehensive investigation of the superhydrophobic ZnAl-LDH-La film is considerably helpful for researchers and engineers to get deep insight into its potential for practical applications in the field of corrosion and protection.

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Rapid generation of high-valent cobalt-oxo species (Co(IV)O) for the removal of organic contaminants has been challenging because of the low conversion efficiency of Co(III)/Co(II) and the high activation energy barrier of the Co(II)-oxidant complex. Herein, we introduced nitrogen (N) vacancies into graphite carbon nitride imbedded with cobalt carbonate (CCH/CN−V n ) in a peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/visible light system to break the limitations of a conventional twoelectron transfer path. These N vacancies enhanced the electron distribution of the Co 3d orbital and lowered the energy barrier to cleave the O−O bond of PMS in the Co(II)-PMS complex, achieving the modulation of major active species from 1 O 2 to Co(IV)O. The developed synergistic system that exhibited adsorption and oxidation showed remarkable selectivity and contaminant removal performance in inorganic (Cl − , NO 3 − , HCO 3 − , and HPO 4 − ) organic (HA) and even practical aqueous matrices (tap water and secondary effluent). This study provides a novel mechanistic perspective to modulate the nonradical path for refractory contaminant treatment via defect engineering.