Hyperoside is an active ingredient in plants, such as Hypericum monogynum in Hypericaceae, Crataegus pinnatifida in Rosaceae and Polygonum aviculare in Polygonaceae. Its pharmacologic effects include preventing cancer and protecting the brain, neurons, heart, kidneys, lung, blood vessels, bones, joints and liver, among others. Pharmacokinetic analysis of hyperoside has revealed that it mainly accumulates in the kidney. However, long-term application of high-dose hyperoside should be avoided in clinical practice because of its renal toxicity. This review summarises the structure, synthesis, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of hyperoside.

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As important members of the fullerene family, C60 and its derivatives have become the most popular N-type organic narrow-band gap semiconductor. Expanding synthetic control over its hybrid nanostructures has become a major challenge. In this work, dimethylformamide was used to significantly reduce the rate of C60 precipitation, making it possible to synthesize a series of Au–C60 hybrid nanostructures, including a core–shell structure with a tunable shell thickness. On this basis, strong ligand-mediated interfacial energy controlled the formation of Au–C60 Janus structures with a tunable size of the C60 domain. The charge separation efficiencies of different Au–C60 hybrid structures were systematically studied. The photocurrent generation and transient fluorescence showed significantly improved charge separation, which was attributed to the physical separation of the Au and C60 domains. We believe that mechanistically understanding the design and synthesis of intricate Janus architectures would help future efforts in functional exploration.