eThe members of the phylum Bacteroidetes are recognized as some of the most important specialists for the degradation of polysaccharides. However, in contrast to research on Bacteroidetes in the human gut, research on polysaccharide degradation by marine Bacteroidetes is still rare. The genus Algibacter belongs to the Flavobacteriaceae family of the Bacteroidetes, and most species in this genus are isolated from or near the habitat of algae, indicating a preference for the complex polysaccharides of algae. In this work, a novel brown-seaweed-degrading strain designated HZ22 was isolated from the surface of a brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica). On the basis of its physiological, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain HZ22 represents a novel species in the genus Algibacter with the proposed name Algibacter alginolytica sp. nov. The genome of strain HZ22, the type strain of this species, harbors 3,371 coding sequences (CDSs) and 255 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), including 104 glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and 18 polysaccharide lyases (PLs); this appears to be the highest proportion of CAZymes (ϳ7.5%) among the reported strains in the class Flavobacteria. Seventeen polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) are predicted to be specific for marine polysaccharides, especially algal polysaccharides from red, green, and brown seaweeds. In particular, PUL N is predicted to be specific for alginate. Taking these findings together with the results of assays of crude alginate lyases, we prove that strain HZ22 T can completely degrade alginate. This work reveals that strain HZ22 T has good potential for the degradation of algal polysaccharides and that the structure and related mechanism of PUL in strain HZ22T are worth further research. Members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, formerly also known as the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides cluster, constitute one of the major groups of marine heterotrophic bacterioplankton (1, 2). They have been found in various marine habitats, including coastal sediments (3), coastal waters (4, 5), hydrothermal vents (6, 7), and open ocean waters (8-10). In previous studies, marine Bacteroidetes have been reported as important contributors to the utilization of biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins (2,(11)(12)(13)(14). As a result, marine Bacteroidetes are assumed to play an important role in the degradation of algae. Marine phytoplankton have been estimated to be responsible for about 50% of global net primary production (15). Polysaccharides constitute a substantial fraction of the primary production from marine phytoplankton. Algae can be an important source of polysaccharides. Brown seaweeds, a traditional and plentiful mariculture product in East Asia, make up a large proportion of the total biomass of algae and synthesize a wide variety of compounds, such as alginate, fucoidan, laminarin, and mannitol (16). Among these compounds, alginate has been assumed to be a potential source for bioethanol production (17-19).The genus Algibacter belongs...
A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile strain, designated GKXT, was isolated from deep seawater. Strain GKXT was able to grow at 20-35 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5) and 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω9c (15.4 %), C16 : 0 (18.4 %), C14 : 0 (12.0 %), iso-C14 : 0 (30.1 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.7 %). Strain GKXT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the main polar lipids. The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-9. The diagnostic amino acids of the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GKXT belonged to the genus Luteolibacter in the family Verrucomicrobiaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 98.0, 93.5 and 93.3 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Luteolibacter arcticus MC 3726T, L.uteolibacter pohnpeiensisA4T-83T and L.uteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T. DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain GKXT with L. arcticus MC 3726T was 33.1 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.5 mol%. On the basis of the genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain GKXT was proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter, named Luteolibacter flavescens sp. nov. (type strain GKXT=MCCC 1K03193T=KCTC 52361T).
Terasakiella brassicae sp. nov., isolated from the wastewater of a pickle-processing factory, and emended descriptions of Terasakiella pusilla and the genus Terasakiella A Gram-stain-negative, motile, polyhydroxybutyrate-accumulating, aerobic, S-shaped bacterium, designated B3 T , was isolated from the wastewater of a pickle-processing factory. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that it was most closely related to the type strain, Terasakiella pusilla (96.6 % similarity). Strain B3 T was able to grow at 4-40 8C (optimum 32-37 8C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum 6.5-7.5) and with 0.5-8 % (w/v) NaCl present (optimum 1-2 %, w/v). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10, the major fatty acids included C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 v7c and C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15: 2-OH. The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, aminophospholipid and three uncharacterized phospholipids. ). Emended descriptions of T. pusilla and the genus Terasakiella are also presented.
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, oval to rod-shaped, prosthecate bacterium, designated strain WM6T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 150 m and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Cells of strain WM6T were approximately 0.5-0.6 µm in width and 0.8-1.2 µm in length, and colonies were smooth, circular, convex and whitish yellow. Strain WM6T was found to grow at 10-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5-8.5) and with 1-6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1-2 %). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed the predominant respiratory quinone and the major fatty acid of strains WM6T were ubiquinone-10 and C18 : 1ω7c, respectively. The polar lipids of strain WM6T were phosphatidylglycerol, glucuronopyranosyldiglyceride, monoglycosyldiglyceride, sulfo-quinovosyl diacylglycerol, seven unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain WM6T was determined to be 59.8 mol% by HPLC. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain WM6T was related most closely to the genus Maricaulis with a similarity range from 92.3 to 93.8 %. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed with the neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood methods using mega and maximum-likelihood methods using arb showed that strain WM6T constituted a separated branch in the family Hyphomonadaceae. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain WM6T is clearly distinct from any validly published genus. On the basis of these features, strain WM6T represents a novel species of a new genus with the name Hyphobacterium vulgare gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Hyphobacterium vulgare is WM6T (=MCCC 1K03222T=KCTC 52487T).
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