The rapid rise of the tourism industry in Taiwan in recent years has led to tourism hassles owing to differences in cultures and customs. Tourism hassles refer to unpleasant experience in the process of traveling. Through the perspective of Taiwanese outbound travellers, this study explores the negative emotions that may arise in multiple aspects of the tourism process to affect the perception of the tourism hassles, shape the attitude tendencies towards tourism hassles among Taiwanese outbound travellers, and conduce to their responsiveness and revisit intention. This study collected 530 valid questionnaires to analyze the perceptions, responsiveness and attitude tendencies towards tourism hassles among Taiwan's outbound travellers. The research results find that: (1) Overall, the perceptions of tourism hassles among tourists are consistent; (2) It is verified that different responses can influence the attitude tendencies towards tourism hassles among tourists; (3) Taiwan's outbound travelers are divided into four categories and it is found that Taiwan's tourists are negatively evasive and unwilling to revisit in the face of tourism hassles, which belongs to the cluster of "low revisit intention low action efficacy." Through the results, it is hoped that they can lay the basis for relevant industries to adjust service models in the future and improve the quality of destination tourism.
Along with the rise in modern feminine consciousness, many of the females would choose to leave out of their regular lives. They no longer aim at sightseeing or shopping in travel. Voluntourism has gradually become their priority to improve themselves, broaden their horizons, strength their wills, and get rid of inherent living circles. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate the difference in female volunteer travelers in Taiwan. For this purpose, the study first starts from analyzing female background features, then their discrepancy in lifestyles, and based on the data collected, the authors also look into the difference of female involvement. Finally, the authors analyze the difference of their subjective well-being with the study result above. The study has collected a total of 98 valid samples focusing on females in Taiwan who had attended voluntourism through the Internet platform questionnaires. The study shows that female volunteer travelers are independent in lifestyles and prefer to interact with local people and other travelers. They are fond of arranging organized and flexible trips and they also have a strong interest in fashion trend and trendy events. The research shows that despite many of the female volunteer travelers are beginners in voluntourism, they generally present stronger subjective well-being. The result of the study is available for related departments to arrange and spread mid-term and long-term voluntourism for qualified and willing female volunteers with senior or experienced qualities. In the future literary planning, voluntourism can add on seeking happiness for more females who intend to realize their self-worth and pursue life meanings to understand the importance and meaning of voluntourism and enjoy in it.
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