Statins [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase], are wonder drugs that have reshaped the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and associated cardiovascular diseases. However, evidence from various studies indicates existence of many statin-induced side effects such as myopathies, rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, impaired myocardial contractility, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and erectile dysfunction (ED). Physician awareness of these side effects is reported to be very low even for the adverse effects (AEs) most widely reported by patients. This can lead to incorrect treatment decisions, compromised patient care, and an increase in patient morbidity. Therefore, the aim of this article is to highlight the AEs of statin therapy as well as rational management of these complications to further improve safety of these excellent drugs.
Introduction: Esthetics has become an essential criterion of the overall treatment plan in dentistry that comprises of a healthy and beautiful smile at any age. Multidisciplinary approach involving orthodontics and periodontics results in the maintenance of a beautiful smile and a healthy periodontium. The continuous endeavor for innovation of newer interdisciplinary treatment moda lities has resulted in the use of a passive object like the orthodontic button being used to provide the initial stabilization in cases of root coverage using a Coronally advanced flap (CAF).Objective: The objective of this case report is to evaluate the effectiveness of a new treatment approach which consists of coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedure combined with ortho dontic button application for the treatment of Miller's class III recession defects.Methodology: After the application of orthodontic buttons in middle third of tooth surface, a split-full split flap was raised from tooth #22 to #24 and the flap was sutured 3 to 4 mm coronal to cementoenamel junction and the central part of flap was suspended with sutures to the orthodontic button to maximize the stabilization of the immediate postoperative flap location. Clinical parameters were recorded at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.Results: Complete root coverage was achieved when evaluated from baseline to 3 months along with gain in clinical attachment level and keratinized tissue. The final esthetics, both color match and tissue contours, were highly acceptable.
Conclusion:Three months postoperative results showed that the CAF combined with orthodontic button is a very effective approach even in the treatment of Miller's Class III recession defects.
Dental biofilms are complex and multispecies ecosystems, and its formation requires coordinated chemical signaling between different micro-organisms present in the oral cavity. During the initial stages of its formation, planktonic bacterial cells directly attach to surfaces of the oral cavity or indirectly bind to other bacterial cells. This binding occurs through co-aggregation, which is critical for the temporary retention of bacteria on dental surfaces as well as bacterial colonization. It is during this colonization that the micro-organisms are able to interact with each other. In general, interspecies interactions involve communication, typically via quorum sensing, and metabolic cooperation or competition. Interactions among species within a biofilm can be antagonistic, such as competition over nutrients and growth inhibition, or synergistic. In this review, we discuss these important interactions among oral bacteria within the dental biofilm communities and novel therapies that could inhibit pathogenic micro-organisms and disrupt biofilm.
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