The pleotropic role of statins: Could it be the imminent host modulation agent in periodontics?

Grover, Harpreet Singh; Luthra, Shailly; Maroo, Shruti; Maroo, Niteeka

doi:10.4103/1735-3327.113319

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…They lower the low-density lipoprotein-C, but recent studies provide compelling evidence that statins, in addition to their lipid-lowering capacity, also possess potential pleiotropic effects which seem to be beneficial in periodontics. These beneficial effects, which are independent of their lipid-lowering effects, include anti-inflammatory,[ 22 ] immune-modulatory,[ 23 24 ] antioxidant,[ 25 26 27 28 ] antithrombotic, and endothelium stabilization actions. [ 29 ] They also cause the inhibition of MHC-II expression, and inhibition of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1 β, and IL-6 from various cell types, thereby, providing immunomodulatory effects as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations may suggest the immunomodulatory effect of SMV as observed in various other studies also. [ 23 24 29 ] In addition, it may be interpreted that the significant reduction in PPD is not only due to the shrinkage of the soft tissue but also in response to SMV. This was further substantiated by getting a significant correlation between reduction in PPD and gain in CAL signifying the gain in attachment was taking place along with shrinkage of soft tissue, side by side [ Table 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical efficacy of subgingivally delivered simvastatin gel in chronic periodontitis patients

Agarwal

Chaubey

et al. 2016

J Indian Soc Periodontol

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Background:Simvastatin (SMV), a new locally delivered drug of class statins, is a specific competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Statins, besides having lipid-lowering abilities, also have pleiotropic effects like host modulation and bone regeneration. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of SMV, 1.2 mg, in an indigenously prepared biodegradable controlled-release gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP).Materials and Methods:A total of 60 sites, with pocket depth ≥5 mm, two from each of 30 patients after SRP, were categorized into two treatment groups, for subgingival placement of placebo (Gp 1) or SMV (Gp 2). Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months comprising plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The osseous changes were evaluated radiographically by measuring vertical gain, INFRA 1 and angle of the defect, INFRA 2 from baseline to 6 months.Results:All subjects tolerated the drug, without any post-application complication. The treatment improved the periodontal condition in both the groups but significant reductions in PPD (p= 0.04), and INFRA 1 (p= 0.000), along with gain in CAL (p= 0.02) and INFRA 2 (p= 0.000) were observed in Gp 2. In one site, an unexpected 5 mm decrease in INFRA 1 was found.Conclusion:Local drug delivery of SMV enhanced the beneficial effect of SRP, in pocket reduction, gain in CAL and bone fill.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical efficacy of subgingivally delivered simvastatin gel in chronic periodontitis patients

Agarwal

Chaubey

et al. 2016

J Indian Soc Periodontol

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“…[ 30 ] Blocking of mevalonate formation inhibits protein prenylation that affects several signal transduction steps causing various pleiotropic effects such as improving endothelial function, immunomodulation, antioxidant activity, and treatment of malignancies. [ 10 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from this, statins have been ascribed for showing various additional pleiotropic effects such as anti-inflammatory, immune modulatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties. [ 10 ] Systemic antimicrobial effects of statins have also been proved. [ 11 ] MIC values of different statins were evaluated against various nonperiodontal pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the antibacterial activity of simvastatin against periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: An in vitro study

2014

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Context and Objective:Statin treatment, apart from its hypolipidemic action has proven its antimicrobial activity by improving the survival rate of patients with severe systemic bacterial infections. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder of tooth supporting structures caused by a group of specific microorganisms. The objective of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of pure simvastatin drug against the primary periodontal pathogens.Materials and Methods:Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans using serial dilution method.Results:MIC of simvastatin against P. gingivalis was 2 μg/ml and A. actinomycetemcomitans was found to be <1 μg/ml which requires further dilutions to determine the exact value.Conclusions:Data suggests a potent antimicrobial activity of simvastatin against both A. actinomycetemcomitans and P gingivalis. Hence simvastatin can be prescribed as a dual action drug in patients with both hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease.

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“…( 9 ) were the first authors to report that lovastatin and simvastatin stimulate bone regeneration when injected subcutaneously in mouse calvaria. Since then, a huge development of research focusing on clinical applications has occurred in traumatology ( 10 ), oral surgery ( 11 ), and periodontology ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of topical simvastatin on bone regeneration: A systematic review

Montero¹,

Manzano²,

Albaladejo³

2014

J Clin Exp Dent

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Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the results concerning the use of simvastatin for promoting bone regeneration and to discuss the level of scientific evidence supporting such findings. Material and Methods: A Pubmed search using “Simvastatin”[Mesh] AND “Bone Regeneration”[Mesh] as Boolean operators was constrained to the last 10 years and only included papers written in English. Results: Of the 41 relevant papers reviewed, most of them (76.2%) have been published in the last 5 years, and most of them address animal studies (66.6%) performed on rats or rabbits in extraoral regions. Only 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessed the role of topical simvastatin in periodontal patients. Conclusions: A large part of the evidence concerning the role of topical simvastatin on bone regeneration comes from animal studies (mainly rats) focusing on extraoral bone defects. Only the use of subgingival simvastatin after root scaling has been properly supported by RCT. Key words:Simvastatin, bone regeneration, topical administration, osteogenesis, osteoinduction.

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The pleotropic role of statins: Could it be the imminent host modulation agent in periodontics?

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Clinical efficacy of subgingivally delivered simvastatin gel in chronic periodontitis patients

Clinical efficacy of subgingivally delivered simvastatin gel in chronic periodontitis patients

Determination of the antibacterial activity of simvastatin against periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: An in vitro study

The role of topical simvastatin on bone regeneration: A systematic review

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