Borneol is a commonly used flavouring substance in traditional Chinese medicine, which possesses several pharmacological activities including analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of borneol on cerulein‐induced acute pancreatitis (AP) model. Swiss albino mice were pretreated with borneol (100 and 300 mg/kg) daily for 7 days, before six consecutive injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/hr, intraperitoneally). The protective effect of borneol was studied by biochemical, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, histological, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. Oral administration of borneol significantly attenuated pancreatic damage by reducing amylase, lipase levels and histological changes. Borneol attenuated cerulein‐induced oxidative‐nitrosative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde, nitrite levels, and elevating reduced glutathione levels. Pancreatic inflammation was ameliorated by inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity and pro‐inflammatory cytokine (Interleukins and TNF‐α) levels. Furthermore, borneol administration significantly increased nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1) expression and reduced phospho‐NF‐κB p65 expression. Treatment with borneol significantly inhibited TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cerulein‐induced AP mouse model. Together, these results indicate that borneol which is currently used as US‐FDA approved food adjuvant has the potential to attenuate cerulein‐induced AP possibly by reducing the oxidative damage and pancreatic inflammation by modulating Nrf2/NF‐κB pathway.

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To scrutinize cis-stilbene based molecules with potential anticancer and tubulin polymerization inhibition activity, a new series of cis-stilbene-1,2,3-triazole congeners was designed and synthesized via a click chemistry protocol.

Objectives Garcinol exhibits promising potential anticancer activity in cancer cells by inhibiting several critical regulatory pathways. Despite its pharmacological activities, information regarding its pharmacokinetics and metabolism is unavailable. Hence, we aimed to systematically determine the in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, in vitro metabolic stability and hepatic first-pass metabolism of garcinol. Methods We developed and validated a sensitive bioanalytical method for the quantitative determination of garcinol in rat plasma and human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The developed method was applied to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters, bioavailability, and metabolic stability associated with metabolic half-life and intrinsic hepatic clearance. Further, we calculated the hepatic first-pass metabolism of garcinol from the metabolic stability data. Key findings The metabolic stability of garcinol in human liver microsomes demonstrated it as a medium clearance drug with a CLint value of 33.94 µL/min/mg microsomal protein, and 94% of garcinol would escape the hepatic first-pass metabolism. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetics study of garcinol in Sprague Dawley rats showed 26.64 ± 0.23% and 35.72 ± 0.97% oral bioavailability at two doses, i.e., 22.5, and 45 mg/kg, respectively. The Cmax values at these two oral doses were 2317.69 ± 180.44 and 3446.14 ± 190.12 ng/mL. Conclusions Metabolic stability data showed that garcinol is a medium clearance drug and less fraction of the drug undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism. The determined pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolic stability data help to understand and optimize the dose and route of administration for designing clinical trials to further develop garcinol as anticancer drug.

In the pursuit of finding a potential and effective chemotherapeutic agent, a series of 2-(3-(indol-3-yl)-pyrazol-5-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-ones was designed and synthesized, conjoining salient pharmacophoric properties directing prominent cytotoxicity. The in vitro cytotoxicity...

We, herein, report microwave-assisted selenation and exo-trig cyclization of secondary allylic carboxamides using Woollins’ reagent, a serendipitous finding observed during an attempt to synthesize N-allylbenzoselenoamides. This resulted in the first...

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