A Wireless Sensor Network is a network of sensors that, senses specified parameter(s) related to environment; processes data locally or in a distributed manner and wirelessly communicates information to central Base Station. The Base Station analyzes information and initiates suitable response if required. Wireless Sensor Network research as a whole suffers a lack of practical application scenarios for which such networks are the best solution. Researchers generally do not emphasize on the application domains they are trying to address. Therefore they cannot accurately assess the efficiency of their proposal because for different application areas there are different technical issues. This paper discusses role of application in research and fleshes out from the literature applications of sensor networks ranging from billion dollar satellites to tiny RF tags. To aid in application led research we demonstrate that different applications take different directions in the design goals. Based on this observation the sensor network design goals and its various directions are characterized. Such explicit design direction works as a framework for discussing and structuring coordinated research (e.g., scrutinizing mutual dependencies between applications, software, hardware and hence avoiding duplicate work). It also provides a conceptual basis for the development of flexible software and hardware frameworks that can be adapted to meet different application needs.
In this paper the DSRC/IEEE 802.11p Medium Access Control (MAC) method of the vehicular communication has been simulated on highway road scenario with periodic broadcast of packets in a vehicle-to-vehicle situation. IEEE 802.11p MAC method is basically based on carrier sense multiple accesses (CSMA) where nodes listen to the wireless channel before sending the packets. If the channel is busy, the vehicle node must defer its access and during high utilization periods this could lead to unbounded delays. This well-known property of CSMA is undesirable for critical communications scenarios. The simulation results reveal that a specific vehicle is forced to drop over 80% of its packets/messages because no channel access was possible before the next message/packet was generated. To overcome this problem, we propose to use self-organizing time division multiple access (STDMA) for real-time data traffic between vehicles. Our initial results indicate that STDMA outperforms CSMA for time-critical traffic safety applications in ad- hoc vehicular networks.
One of the emerging applications that belong to ambient systems is to transparently and directly interconnect vehicles on roads, making an ad-hoc network that enables a variety of applications through distributed software's without the need of any fixed and dedicated infrastructure. The network as well as the embedded computers and sensors in the vehicle will be invisible to the driver, who will get the required services during his journey. New type of ad-hoc network is the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), in which vehicles constitute the mobile nodes in the network. Due to the prohibitive cost of deploying and implementing such as system in a real world, most research work in VANET relies on simulations for evaluation purpose. The key concept for VANET simulations is a real world vehicular mobility model which will ensures conclusions drawn from simulation experiments will carry through to real world deployments. In this paper we present a tool SUMO, MOVE that allows users to easily generate real world mobility models for VANET simulations. MOVE tool is built on top of SUMO which is open source micro-traffic simulator. Output of MOVE is a real world mobility model and can used by NS-2 and qualnet simulator. In this paper we evaluate and compare ad-hoc routing performance for vehicular nodes using MOVE, which is using random waypoint model. The simulation results are obtained when nodes are moving according to a real world mobility model which is significantly different from that of the generally used random waypoint model.
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