With the utilization of biodiesel as fuel in diesel engines, performance parameters reduce while certain emissions like NOx increases. This study presents the extensive investigation on utilizing biodiesel blends, ethanol, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and magnetization of fuel (MF, 3000 Gauss) in a four-stroke, single-cylinder vertical diesel engine to get an optimum level of performance and emission characteristics. In this investigation, biodiesel blends, ethanol, and diesel have been used as fuel. EGR has been used with the BD20E5 (Fuel blends containing 20% biodiesel, 75% diesel, and 5% ethanol) blend only. The results of this experimental investigation show that there are increases of 0.36% and 0.33% in brake power and decreases of 4% and 5.7% in brake specific fuel consumption with BD20E5 and BD20 + MF, respectively, as compared to BD20 only. With 30%EGR and BD20E5 there is a decrease of 36.36% in NOx emission as compared to BD20E5. It is found that the use of ethanol in lower quantity (E5) in fuel blends improves performance parameters and reduces emissions of CO, NOx, and smoke as compared to unadded biodiesel blends. EGR reduces NOx emission very effectively, but at higher EGR volume (30% EGR), performance parameters deteriorate and emissions of CO, HC are higher. To overcome these penalties with higher EGR, it can be used in lower volume (10% EGR) in combination with 5% ethanol and magnetized fuel, which has given optimum results for performance as well as emission parameters.

No abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate and review the sustainable manufacturing (SM) adoption research conducted in textile industries, from 2007 to May 2022. The search term is "SM adoption in the textile industry" in their phrases and titles. Find the number of dimensions including publishing years, country, journal, publishing houses, research design, methods, data analysis, and MCDM methods. This study attempts to provide an overview of the 172 articles, which have been searched with the keyword "SM adoption in the textile industry" in the phrases and the title. The articles were searched from world-renowned publishers, such as Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, Emerald, Inderscience, Springer link publication, and so forth. The articles searched are peer-reviewed and included in Scopus, science citation index, science citation index expanded, emerging source citation index, web of science, and so forth. The categorization of the data of the current study has also been compared with available literature. These studies are mainly focused on ecological protection, eco-friendly textile materials, effective land, and water utilization, social, as well as saving natural resources. SM adoption is the key initiative needed for a better environment, human life, and sustainability. This study enhances the understanding of current benefits of cutting-edge research and what dimensions need to be examined for adoption of SM in the textile industry. This study also provides a discussion on various gaps and future opportunities that require to be addressed for a better understanding of SM adoption in the textile manufacturing sector.

Utilization of biodiesel results in lower emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon mono oxide, and smoke. But with the use of biodiesel as fuel emission of Oxides of nitrogen increases along with this some performance parameters also deteriorated. In the present investigation, the fact has been used that, the magnetization of fuels containing hydrocarbon changes the chemical properties as well as orientation and arrangement of molecules of fuel. In this experimental investigation density and calorific values of biodiesel have been determined. In another setup of experimentation on a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine, observations are taken with diesel, biodiesel blend containing 20% biodiesel (BD20), and magnetized biodiesel (BD20+MF) as fuel. Results of this investigation show that, the magnetization of biodiesel is not only helpful in increasing performance parameters like brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency but also it helps to control the emissions of carbon mono oxide, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and smoke. Maintaining the magnetic field just before the entry of the combustion chamber on the fuel line is a little hard, due to the regular increase in temperature of the spot where magnets are kept. It is possible that, if the strength of the magnetic field is increased then, there may be further improvement in performance and engine parameters, as in this investigation only 4000 Gauss Magnetic field has been used.

No abstract

Utilization of biodiesel as alternative fuel results in higher emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and reduced performance parameters. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a great technology to control the emission of NOx, but use of EGR reduces the performance parameters of diesel engines. Oxidative addition and magnetization of fuel help to make the combustion complete. In the present investigation, Jatropha biodiesel has been used with diesel in the form of a blend having 20% biodiesel (BD20) as fuel in 4-stroke, direct ignition, diesel engine. 5% Ethanol (E5) has been used as additive along with biodiesel blends and 10% EGR. The magnetization of fuel (MF) has been done with the help of a permanent magnet having strength of 3000 gauss. The results of this investigation show that BD20 is beneficial as fuel for reducing emissions like Carbon Mono-oxide, Hydro-Carbon, and smoke but it reduces Brake Power and Brake Thermal Efficiency. BD20E5 gives better performance parameters than the BD20, but the emission of HC increases slightly. 10% EGR reduces NOx emission with a small cost of performance parameters but with MF performance and emission parameters were improved.

No abstract