The EMI/electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis is becoming very important in today's world of dense EMI environment. As we go toward accuracy and stability of any electronic product in dense EMI field, it is necessary to test it at printed circuit board (PCB) level. This paper describes the measurement technique of scanning of PCB using EMC Precision Scan Tool. The result of near-field measurement indicates the intensity of radiation of each component on PCB. This study is proposed to estimate the radiation field at component level. The near-field based techniques have been widely used in EMC studies because of the high accuracy and reliability. With appropriate model extraction and simulation tools, near-field scanning can be used to predict electromagnetic emissions. With proper shielding, the near-field radiations can be reduced. The near-field radiations can be used to predict far-field radiations from the system, before practically testing in EMI/EMC Laboratory or getting installed at end-user applications. Two models for global positioning system (GPS)-based vehicle tracking system used in research work have been proposed in this article. One is GPRS based and the other is SMS based, intended to be used in stringent environment and ground-based army vehicle. The near-field radiations have been taken at PCB level in dB µV for a range of 100 kHz-2.5 GHz frequency band. Maximum radiations of around 90-130 dB µV were found. The paper proposes Mu-metal and HE-30 shielding materials for mitigating low-and high-frequency radiations. The GPS VTS GPRS based board and GPS VTS SMS Tx board with HE-30 enclosures had been tested in national EMI Test Laboratory, Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), for the frequency bands 100 KHz-2.5 GHz. The results had been compared with MIL-461E EMI/EMC standard, and had been found to be satisfactory. The low-frequency radiation level was found to be just within the acceptable limits as per the standard.
Abstract-The objective of this paper is to describe a system, implemented using GPS and GSM technologies, whereby a command is sent to the system in the form of a SMS by system registered Cell phone and the system responds to it by transmitting its current coordinates in the form of Latitude and Longitude using a reply SMS to same Cell phone. The system gives current vehicle location whenever needed with reliable accuracy. The system uses GSM/GPRS, and GPS Technology, helping in efficient monitoring of the desired vehicles. The paper also discusses the proposed GPS based vehicle Tracking System using GPRS technology in which the coordinates are forwarded to data server at designated Static IP address. The position of the vehicle can be traced on Google / Local maps. The paper gives functional, Technical description and Software implementation for the GPS and GSM/ GPRS based Vehicle Tracking System. Index Terms-GPS ProGin SR-87, GSM / GPRS SIM300, localization of vehicles, microcontroller 89S52, static IP.
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