Today, the study of the effects of dust and gaseous pollutants in the soil as a result of the cement industry, the justification of changes in their properties, the creation of appropriate reclamation technologies is an urgent issue. In the study area, the main source of soil contamination under the influence of the cement industry is dust. The dust mainly spread around the cement plant to a radius of 5,000 meters, causing the soils to become mostly polluted. In the morphological observation of the cross-sections taken by the soil samples, it was mainly influenced by the change in soil colour in the soil surface layer. The chemical and physical properties of the soil change under the influence of pollution, including the tendency to increase the amount of humus as it moves away from the object of study in a wavy pattern. The pH of the soil changed alkalinity. Changes in the agrochemical and other properties of the soil as a result of the cement industry adversely affected the vegetative development of the agricultural plants grown on it, disrupting the growing season and photosynthesis processes and resulting in reduced yields.
Soil salinity is a major concern in the Uzbekistan. Fergana valleys agricultural lands, it negatively affects plant growth, crop yields, whereas in central part of the valley is semi-desert and desert affects agricultural areas due to subsidence, corrosion and ground water quality, leading to further soil erosion and land degradation. Traditional soil salinity assessments have been doing by collecting of soil samples and laboratory analyzing of collected samples for determining totally dissolved soils (TDS) and electro conductivity, but, Geo-informatic systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies provides more efficient, economic and rapid tools and techniques for soil salinity assessment and soil salinity mapping. Main goals of this research are to map soil salinity of Fergana valley, to show relation of its result with traditional analysing and analysing withGIS technology As a source of satellite images has been used Landsat-8 OLI. Research areas every arable land validity point of different locations were measured by Traditional soil salinity assessments by Soil composition and Repository, Quality analysis center was compared to our research conducted on satellite sensor and it can be said that the study have done correctly.
Soil salinity is an important environmental problem affecting arid and semi-arid regions. There are direct measures for measuring soil salinity but the conventional methods of assessing soil salinity through chemical analysis is time consuming. With the development of GIS, remote sensing and its popularization in soil science research, the evaluation of soil salinity has become much easier, with the advantage of getting accurate results without tedious sampling. This research addresses the status of various studies done in the international scenario to assess soil salinity and evaluates them. The evaluation is based on the type of articles, geographical region and funding sources. In general, this study will bring out the advantages of remote sensing as an efficient tool for soil salinity related research in the light of current research compared to the contemporary studies in the same field.
Greening the economy is what most industrialized countries are striving for under the pressure of global and regional environmental restrictions, lack of natural resources, and a growing public movement for the protection of nature [1]. Greening processes have resulted in organic agriculture (OA) or "alternative" agriculture. In the era of the sustainable approach, organic farming seems the best prototype for sustainable agriculture. The market of organic products is significantly expanding year by year. Globally, 1.5 percent of farmland is organic, however there are countries where the share of organic farmland exceeds 10% (figure 1). According to FiBL and research firm Ecovia Intelligence, the global organic food market achieved 106.4 billion euros as of 2019 [2]. Uzbekistan, along with the whole world, recognizes the need for sustainable agriculture and development approach. Uzbekistan accepts organic agriculture as an environment-friendly sustainable production system with better access to the markets. Hence, this article aims to make a SWOT analysis of organic agriculture in Uzbekistan. The SWOT analysis concludes that the recent law for OA and GAP in the country is the principal strength and opportunity. While farmers' poor education is considered the most significant weakness, the country's lack of foreign direct investment in agriculture threatens more than anything else.
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