Introduction: The root canal is a hub of numerous microorganisms. Routine endodontic procedures fail to remove the resistant microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis . Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different vehicles on the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) on E. faecalis infected root canals. Materials and Methods: Eighty single-rooted and freshly extracted human teeth were prepared in radicular portion, and pure culture of E. faecalis (ATCC ® 29212™) inoculum was injected into canals of tooth blocks and incubated for 21 days. Tooth blocks were divided into five groups. Each experimental group was then medicated with 0.1 ml of TAP and no medication was added for control groups. After 21 days of incubation at 37°C, colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) were counted for each group. Results: Group II treated with TAP mixed with propylene glycol revealed a maximum reduction in CFU/ml, and that was followed by Group I and Group III, where TAP was mixed with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.9% normal saline, respectively. Data were compared and analyzed using statistics software. The results were considered statistically significant for P < 0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in CFU/ml between propylene glycol and positive control group, between CHX and positive control group, between saline and positive control group. Conclusions: The propylene glycol group with TAP was the most effective vehicle for the elimination of E. faecalis from canals of tooth blocks, followed by 2% CHX solution as the second vehicle of choice over 0.9% normal saline.
Introduction: Thorough, chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal is required to completely eliminate microorganisms from the dentinal tubules. Faulty obturation in the apical area is the pathway from which bacteria and their toxins pass on to the periapical area and this leakage can be studied by sealability studies. Aim: To evaluate the apical sealing ability of three sealers i.e., AH Plus, Roekoseal and Adseal using passive dye penetration test and a dye extraction test with Methylene blue dye to evaluate the apical leakage. Materials and Methods: The present study was an experimental in-vitro study, carried out at MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India over a period of 10 months (from August 2013 to May 2014). Eighty freshly extracted human permanent maxillary central incisor teeth were obtained. The crowns of the teeth were sectioned at/below cemento-enamel junction and divided into five groups: Groups I, II and III were obturated with gutta-percha and three different sealers, and groups IV and V were the two control groups. Passive dye penetration test was performed to evaluate penetration of the dye by means of capillarity followed by dye extraction test. At the end of dye extraction procedure, the supernatant solution obtained was analysed using an Ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Significance was set at 5%. Statistical analysis was performed by using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 20 (Armonk, New York, United States). The normality of data in each group was tested using Shapiro-Wilk test. The mean absorbance values of the five groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. Further to compare the level of absorbance of dye among various groups, Tukey’s post-hoc test was applied. Results: The mean values of dye absorbance of all groups were as follows, AH Plus (0.02638), Roekoseal (0.06713), Adseal (0.03575), positive control group (1.36250) and negative control group (0.01894). One-way ANOVA showed p<0.001, thus indicating there was a significant difference between the dye absorbance values of all the groups. Tukey’s post-hoc test showed statistically significant difference in dye absorbance of the experimental groups when compared to positive control group. There was no significant difference in dye absorbance when experimental groups were compared to each other. When AH Plus was compared with Roekoseal, the p-value was 0.568 and 0.997 with Adseal whereas when Roekoseal was compared with Adseal the p-value was 0.778. Conclusion: The mean dye absorbance value of AH Plus was found to be least and that of Roekoseal was highest in the experimental groups. AH Plus gave the best results, as least dye was extracted from this group, indicating least dye penetration and minimum microleakage followed by Adseal and Roekoseal.
Immediate assessment of genetic damage in methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas exposed population in small and heterogeneous samples using diversified study designs and solid-stained metaphases could not depict the actual genetic impact of MIC on accidentally exposed individuals. The outcome of the then large multi-center genetic screening program was not available to the public and scientific community. Also the routine of the regular epidemiological health-survey does not capture the genetic and long-term effect of MIC. Therefore, genetic screening was carried out 30-years post disaster during 2015–2017 with a view to screen the present status of chromosomal consequences in lymphocytic cells. Participants were recruited from moderate (34) and severely (78) exposed, and unexposed (35) cohorts with their informed consent. Analysis of ~ 100 mitotic cells and karyotyping of at least 10–15 and all abnormal metaphases detected structural and numerical alterations, including stable and replicable ones. Clonal abnormalities were detected with monosomal and complex karyotype, trisomy 8, del5q/20q, loss of Y, etc. Among all, X-chromosome was frequently involved in numerical alterations. Structural aberrations appeared higher in the then exposed populations, though abnormalities cannot be linked directly to MIC-exposure 30-year post disaster. Collectively, all rearrangements were markedly higher in the severely exposed population. Altogether, the detected abnormalities appeared random and indicated genomic instability, suggesting follow-up at shorter intervals for the individuals detected with clonal aberrations. G-banding has facilitated recognition of chromosomal involvement and their breakpoints, and classification of structural rearrangements. The present data has been derived from the 30-years post-disaster genetic screening.
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