As a part of our ongoing research in the development of new antimicrobials, herein, we report the synthesis of ten compounds which combine three bioactive moieties: thiazole, adamantane and 4-thiazolidinone. Evaluation of their antibacterial activity revealed that the newly synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable growth inhibition of a wide spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The majority of the compounds displayed greater antibacterial activity than the reference drugs (ampicillin and streptomycin), while the antifungal activity was significantly higher than that of the reference drugs bifonazole and ketoconazole. Additionally, the title compounds were screened for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity, showing no significant activity. Moreover, docking studies were performed in order to explore possible binding modes at the MurB protein of S. aureus.
The development of small molecule inhibitors targeting GPVI has promising therapeutic role, as they inhibit arterial thrombosis with limited risk of bleeding. Among the compounds showing in vivo antithrombotic activity, the most active compound 6b (ED = 28.36 μmol/kg po in mice) showed improved inhibition for collagen (IC = 6.7 μM), CRP-XL (IC = 53.5 μM), and convulxin (CVX) (IC = 5.7 μM) mediated platelet aggregation as compared to losartan (LOS) (collagen, IC = 10.4 μM; CRP-XL, IC = 158 μM; CVX, IC = 11 μM) than any of its enantiomers S (6c) (collagen, IC = 25.3 μM; CRP-XL, IC = 181.4 μM; CVX, IC = 9 μM) and R (6d) (collagen, IC = 126.3 μM; CRP-XL, IC > 500 μM; CVX, IC = 86.8 μM). Compound 6b also inhibited platelet P-selectin expression and thus may diminish atherosclerosis. The molecular interactions of both enantiomers 6c and 6d at the GPVI receptor have been explained through docking studies.
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