The economy of Kazakhstan is the first economy in Central Asia and the second among Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries after Russia. On rates of hydrocarbon raw materials extraction Kazakhstan is included into first ten countries of the world. Kazakhstani economy is based on heavy industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and oil and gas. And it allows Kazakhstan is being on the road of economic growth. With economic growth, the energy production and consumption are also increasing rapidly, resulting first of all, on harmful carbon emissions. Thus, the purpose of this research is to carry out a comparative assessment in the energy sector development and to submit forecast of its demand and its environmental impact in terms of Kazakhstani economic growth up to 2040. First scenario (base case) assumes conventional development pattern together with neither significant changes in the patterns of energy supply and demand nor extensively changed policies and measures. The second one (Mitigation) assumes a technological improvement, regulation and industrial development policies and additional policies which have been designed to promote energy efficiency and reduce emissions across the economy. The simulations are applied until the year 2040, while 2015 is set as the base year. The findings suggest in both scenarios Kazakhstan will continue to pursue its economic development driving energy demand and carbon emissions will also raise. However, under Mitigation Scenario, emission intensity will be lower insignificantly.
The goal is to conduct modeling and analyze the management efficiency of the energy industry and the agro-industrial complex based on the introduction of digitalization to stimulate economic growth in Kazakhstan. When writing the work, the following research methods were used - bibliometric, statistical, factorial, grouping and generalization, regression, comparative. Results - an economic assessment of the development of the electric power industry and the agro-industrial complex was carried out. It is noted that the economy of Kazakhstan is quite energy-intensive and costly. It is shown that the increasing level of agricultural production exceeds the demand for electricity consumption. The serious deterioration of electrical equipment and agricultural machinery has been identified, which is a barrier to the promotion of digital technologies. The stimulation of the growth of electricity generation from renewable energy sources based on the use of innovative and digital technologies is analyzed. The modeling of the development of the agro-industrial complex is carried out on the basis of the use of information, communication and digital technologies of smart farms on the example of the Almaty region. Presented and summarized measures for the implementation of innovative projects in digital energy and smart agriculture. The problems and recommendations are given for accelerating the implementation of digitalization in the energy sector and the agro-industrial complex. The role of digital and electronic technologies in agriculture and the energy complex in promoting the economic growth of Kazakhstan has been substantiated.
The presented work is devoted to the organization of the electric power industry and the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. Here is given an economic analysis of the production capacity of the development of power plants. It is noted that more than 80% of electricity generation is carried out by coal-fired thermal power plants. Important attention is paid to the significant wear and tear of machinery and equipment at thermal power plants and state district power plants. The key focus of the work is on econometric modeling to identify patterns and quantify the impact of electricity production and digital farms on increasing agricultural production. The results of the regression model are substantiated using the applied statistical package EViews. A medium-term econometric forecast for the development of the agricultural sector is presented, considering the introduction of digital farms. Problems are revealed and measures to stimulate the construction of new energy facilities are considered. Also, proposals were made to enhance the use of investment projects of alternative energy sources in the country. At the same time, an important emphasis is considered at the level of enhanced development of ICT in the energy and agro-industrial complex. It has been established that the digitalization of the energy and agro-industrial complex sectors contributes to the economic growth of Kazakhstan.
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