The objective of the study was to develop and validate a translated and culturally adapted Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the Persian-speaking population. The MMSE was translated into Persian. Two groups of neurologically intact subjects (n = 100) and subjects with Alzheimer's disease (n = 13) were studied. The difference between groups on the mean total scores of the Persian MMSE was statistically significant (control = 28.62 +/- 2.09; subjects with Alzheimer's disease = 11.77 +/- 5.66; p < .001). The cutoff score of 23 was the best cutoff score for our subjects with a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 100%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the Persian MMSE score and the level of education (r = .46) and with age (r = -.77). There was no significant correlation between the Persian MMSE and gender. The Persian MMSE was found to be valid for discrimination of cognitive impairment in the Persian-speaking community.

It seems that both protocols of physical therapy interventions were effective in relieving the signs and symptoms of shoulder tendonitis. Furthermore, adding low level laser therapy (LLLT) to the US and exercise was more efficient in improving the muscle strength in patients with shoulder tendonitis over a period of three months. However, it should be emphasized that, the current results might be due to the effects of laser and exercise instead of laser, us and exercise (as we had no independent group for US).

The timing of speech-evoked responses is not related to the stimulus presentation mode; however, binaural stimulation produces more robust responses. Lateral asymmetry in the representation of speech elements was not considerable at the brainstem level.

Bimodal fitting results in a better emotional perception of music compared to unilateral CI. Given the influence of music in neurological and linguistic development and social interactions, it is important to evaluate the possible benefits of bimodal fitting prescriptions for individuals with unilateral CIs.

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