The research of positive psychology has been applied on various fields such as education and industry as therapies and activities (positive psychology intervention) to enhance positive emotions, behavior, and recognition. Among various interventions, understanding one's strengths and exercises to utilize the strengths in daily life has been proved effective. Previous studies about strengths indicated that the character strengths are utilized for overcoming adversity. There is a possibility that proper choice and utilization of character strengths depending on situations and stressors lead to overcoming stressful situations. This study conducted a survey on students' own strengths and strengths used in stressful situations for identification of character strengths which are useful for stress coping. The purpose of this study is to clarify how to utilize the strengths in stressful situations by analyzing free-description obtained from the survey. The results of the survey on the students' own strengths and strengths used in stressful situations showed the characteristics of each strength. In particular, the analysis on the free-description about the strengths regarding "Transcendence" clarified in detail the way to utilize the strength "Hope" in stressful situations. This study brought knowledge about positive psychology interventions such as utilization of "Hope" in daily life as stress coping.
This study made pedestrian models and layouts of Braille guidance blocks based on an interview with a goalball player and previous studies in order to determine appropriate arrangements in sports facilities. A simulation on walking efficiency was conducted under different conditions combining different situations of spectators' moving with different layouts. There are two types of patterns of moving objects: Pattern-A, in which only visually impaired athletes are allowed to move on the floor, and Pattern-A+B, in which both visually impaired athletes and sighted spectators are allowed to move on the floor. In addition, there are two types of layouts of Braille guidance blocks: Layout-1 is a linear arrangement of them, and Layout-2 is a rounded linear arrangement of them. The results of the simulation showed that there were no significant differences of walking efficiency between Layout-1 and Layout-2 under the conditions of Pattern-A or Pattern-A+B. Furthermore, there were no significant differences of walking efficiency between Pattern-A and Pattern-A+B under Layout-1 or Layout-2. These results show the effectiveness of the linear arrangement of Braille guidance blocks in sports facilities for visually and non-visually impaired people.
Regarding research targeting on athletes, many quantitative studies such as questionnaire item surveys have been performed, on the other hand, the qualitative research using a free description of athletes has been conducted less than the former. In this study, this Cluster analysis is used to analyze the data of free description of university student athletes, and to clarify the characteristics of tendencies of university student athletes to recognize and to deal with the difficult events. Using Cluster analysis, tendencies for difficult events between regular and non-regular players were studied. As a result, compared to non-regular players, regular players were more aware of the importance of injuries and were more aware of the importance of dealing with injuries with physical therapies and treatment.
It is essential for athletes to achieve a strong mental attitude in order to perform to their potential in matches and other contexts. Previous studies that have looked at the nature of a strong mental attitude have raised the issue of mental toughness, and it is thought that improving this is extremely important. However, few research studies as yet have made clear what type of psychological structures athletes with a strong mentality possess. Therefore, in this study, we conducted an interview style survey about mental toughness of 20 university student athletes who were competitively active either during or before their school years, in order to uncover the psychological structures behind athletes whose strong mental attitude enables them to perform to their potential in matches and practice. We conducted a qualitative examination about the psychological mechanisms of athletes with a strong mental attitude from the ensuing linguistic data. As a result, we found that the qualities of "willpower" and "control" enabled athletes to overcome immediate and frequent issues, while "recovery from difficulties and subsequent growth" meant that they were able to recover from events considered to be difficult to overcome, and that these factors are largely what constitute mental toughness. In addition to "willpower" and "control," a lot of respondents mentioned factors in the interviews that have rarely been dealt with in our conception of mental toughness up until now, such as interpersonal relationships and the presence of others, suggesting the ability to trust oneself and others (or "sociability") is also a key factor that constitutes mental toughness. It is also hypothesized that the factor of positivity, the ability to view one's way of life up until now and the future in a positive light, as well as an optimistic approach to life, are also important factors in mental toughness. Furthermore, it has been shown that possessing a strong mental attitude is also related to an athlete's psychological traits, as well as past and present interpersonal relationship styles.
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