Aggressive periodontitis is characterized by non-contributory medical history, rapid attachment loss and bone destruction and familial aggregation of cases. Aggressive periodontitis (both localized and generalized) is usually diagnosed in a young population. This is frequently the age that an orthodontic care is provided to this population. The aim of the present paper is to draw guidelines for periodontal evaluation and monitoring prior to and during active orthodontic treatment. Strict adherence to these guidelines as a routine protocol for periodontal examination prior, during and following orthodontic treatment may dramatically decrease the severity and improve the prognosis of patients with aggressive periodontitis in orthodontic clinics.

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The results of this study suggest that the etiologies present an entire separate pattern of trauma. A better understanding and proper identification of their high-risk groups should lead to appropriate prevention programs and treatment protocols.

The DMFT index, which represents caries experience as recommended by the World Health Organization (clinical examination without radiographs), was compared with a modified DMFT index with radiographs. The purpose was to evaluate how much the DMFT index underestimates the need for restorative care. A cohort of 376 young adults (eighteen to twenty years old) was examined from March 2003 to December 2004. Dental screening was based on clinical examination and bilateral bitewing radiographs. DMFT index was calculated with and without radiographs to compare DMFT scores. The average DMFT was 1.42 higher with radiographs than without (6.35 vs. 4.93, respectively), and the D component was 1.75 higher. The Pearson correlation between DMFT indices was 0.899 (p<0.0001) and 0.759 between the D components (p<0.0001). A correlation was found between D with radiographs and smoking more than ten cigarettes per day (p=0.0069). Without radiographs, there is a 44 percent probability that the caries decay value will be lower than the actual value, thus causing a greater possibility of diagnostic errors. The findings indicate that assessing treatment needs for a population based only on DMFT screening is inadequate and incomplete without radiographs.Dr. Becker is Head of the Dental Clinic, Israeli Defense Forces and a member

An interdisciplinary dental team must approve the periodontal health prior to and during the course of the orthodontic therapy. In subjects with periodontal pathology, a periodontal consultation and interceptive/corrective therapy should be performed prior to commencing with orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment should be postponed or replanned in order to shorten treatment duration and reduce the orthodontic forces exerted on the aggressive periodontitis involved dentition.

Orthodontic treatment comprised of maxillary orthopedic treatment directed especially toward premaxilla with light forces, and mandibular modification by functional appliance along with fixed orthodontic treatment is recommended in βT patients.

During a 33 month period, maxillofacial injuries resulting from terrorist attacks in Israel were compared with non-terror trauma maxillofacial injuries. Files of patients hospitalized from October 1, 2000 to June 30, 2003 were obtained from the Israel National Trauma Registry. Data were evaluated and compared with a hospitalized non-terror related trauma population within the same period. A literature survey was also conducted. Terror casualties totaled 1,811. In 493 patients with facial injuries, 322 had soft facial tissue injuries (excluding eyes and ears), and 104 had hard tissue injuries of the maxillofacial complex. A significantly higher prevalence was found in terror casualties (explosions and gunshots) compared with non-terror related casualties. Most suffered multiple injuries. Maxillofacial terror casualties experience a unique epidemiology, with more severe injuries and higher prevalence of soft and hard tissue injuries. Preparedness and awareness to the unique pattern of injuries are needed when terrorists strike.

Background/Aim Road traffic collisions (RTC) are known to be one of the major causes of maxillofacial trauma (MFT). The road user factor is of crucial importance in the prevalence, severity, and treatment of maxillofacial injuries. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma among road users, to illustrate injury patterns and to identify road users at high risk. Methods This historical prospective multi‐center study was based on Israel's Trauma Registry between 2008‐2018, which included 4829 hospitalized patients following RTC with MFT. Data were analyzed according to six road user types (vehicle driver, passenger, bicyclist, motorcyclist, pedestrian, and e‐bike/scooter), maxillofacial injury location, and maxillofacial treatment. Results MFT, which accounted for 5% of the hospitalized RTC injuries, was not equally distributed among road users, as bicyclists and e‐bike/scooters were more prone to maxillofacial trauma (7.2% and 10.1%, respectively) than vehicle drivers (3.2%). Children (age 0‐14 years) comprised almost half of the cyclists, 25% of the pedestrians and 20% of the passengers. Some MFT patients experienced multiple injuries, with the majority involving jaw and facial bones and to a lesser extent the mouth, teeth, gingivae, and alveolar bone (mouth and dento‐alveolar (DA) trauma). Approximately 30% of hospitalized road casualties with MFT underwent MF surgery, with the need for surgery lowest among pedestrians. Conclusion Hospitalized road casualties had different types of MFT in terms of prevalence, location, severity, and treatment, depending on the road user type.