As the tourism industry continue to grow, the share of independent tourists (FIT) within this industry is growing as well, and will probably increase even more following the trend of social distancing caused by the Covid-19. This paper focuses on the restaurant expenses of FIT tourists visiting Israel and identifies the factors affecting the expanse per day per person. The research is based on survey data collected from 414 tourists and analyzed using the OLS method. The results indicate that using social media before the trip increase the tourist expenditures on restaurants. Men spend more money per day per person on restaurants while length of stay have a quadratic effect on the restaurants expenses. That is as the number of night's increases the restaurant expenses per day per night decrease, but the effect in not linear. Other factors like the size of the party traveling together, the country of origin or purpose of the trip has no effect on the expenses. The results can help in targeting marketing efforts. Foe example, restaurants should promote themselves using social media.
Vaccination has been instrumental in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, with numbers of new cases decreasing rapidly even as restrictions to control the spread of the virus were removed. The first stage of the vaccination campaign in Israel covered individuals aged 16 and older, following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the vaccine. While the campaign was later extended to those aged 12 and older, some parents continue to have doubts and concerns about the vaccine. Data were collected via an online questionnaire during April 2021; 516 parents participated. This research adopted a holistic approach that combines factors relating to vaccine acceptance previously reported in the literature. The acceptance of pediatric COVID-19 vaccination among parents varied by their children’s age groups, at 44.7%, 53.2%, and 66.4% among parents with children aged 0–6, 6–12, and 12–16, respectively. The results of this study indicate that different sets of variables affect the willingness of parents to vaccinate their children, depending on their child’s age. Moreover, a holistic approach is necessary in order to correctly verify the significant variables. Parents who evaluate the vaccine as more beneficial have a higher probability of being willing to vaccinate. In addition, for ages 12–16, parental willingness to vaccinate is associated with access to information, trust, and neighborhood norms. Those evaluating information about the vaccine as more fake news show higher probability to vaccinate their children. The timing of the survey is highly relevant, especially considering the uncertainty about the effectiveness and side effects of the vaccine.
Tourism is a major industry with a growing share in most countries economics. A growing part of the tourism industry is the urban tourism. UNWTO describes urban tourism as trips to cities or places with high population density. Several researchers have tried to develop a framework for understanding urban tourism, which is highly important to cities' economies but also requires significant urban infrastructures. In Europe, urban tourism increased by 4.3% representing over 65% of total bedights (235.1 million in 2014). (nature or urban). The dependent variable is preferences for nature vs. urban destination, measured on a Likert scale. The independent variables include socio-demographic variables, type of residential setting-city or other type of setting. The current research focuses on testing the effect of residence on the number of domestic vacations and on vacations abroad and on the selected type of vacationThe data were collected using questionnaires distributed between March and June 2018 in different locations in Israel. 46 percent of the respondent were male, the average age was 28 and 75 percent leave in cities.The results indicate that there is no significant correlation between the type of residence and the number of vacations abroad, however those who do not live in a city take significantly more domestic vacations. The regression results indicate that when traveling abroad: Urban tourism is more preferred by those that live in cities and by younger tourists. Similar results are obtained for domestic tourism.The results can help policymakers adapt their marketing efforts to the right tourist. For example, if they want to market urban tourism to international tourists they should address their marketing efforts to those who live in cities and to younger people. Further research should consider the effects of factors such as length of stay, potential travel companions, and other characteristics of the destination (modern or developed country) on destination preferences.
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