In 2006 and 2010, following demands from local and international civil society organizations, Israel granted civil status to approximately 1500 undocumented migrant workers’ children. This was considered a “one time humanitarian gesture,” not to be repeated. Thousands of other children, who did not fulfill the required criteria, were left without civil status. Within the context of Israel, the homeland of the Jewish people, this mixed‐methods study explored how the children's life experiences have been constructed and reconstructed since the inception of their new civil status. According to the findings, 80 per cent of migrant workers’ children reveal a high degree of belonging to Israeli society, defining themselves as Israelis. For them, receiving civil status has four practical implications: being able to serve in the Israeli army; the ability to travel abroad; better access to the job market; and freedom from fear of deportation. Our study also revealed difficulties due to their religious and ethnic identities, reflected in the children's understandings of what it means to be Israeli. The complex manifestations of their newly acquired civil status is embedded in the concept of “freedom,” i.e. to do and to be what they really want to be.
As the tourism industry continue to grow, the share of independent tourists (FIT) within this industry is growing as well, and will probably increase even more following the trend of social distancing caused by the Covid-19. This paper focuses on the restaurant expenses of FIT tourists visiting Israel and identifies the factors affecting the expanse per day per person. The research is based on survey data collected from 414 tourists and analyzed using the OLS method. The results indicate that using social media before the trip increase the tourist expenditures on restaurants. Men spend more money per day per person on restaurants while length of stay have a quadratic effect on the restaurants expenses. That is as the number of night's increases the restaurant expenses per day per night decrease, but the effect in not linear. Other factors like the size of the party traveling together, the country of origin or purpose of the trip has no effect on the expenses. The results can help in targeting marketing efforts. Foe example, restaurants should promote themselves using social media.
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