Several reports describe that the explant culture of the trabecular bone after collagenase treatment produces mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the suspended cells had not been intensively examined concerning MSCs. We hypothesized that the cells would acquire the properties of MSCs during their expansion and therefore compared them with marrow aspiratederived MSCs. Human trabecular bones were washed, digested, filtered, and expanded clonally for 14 days. Their proliferation ability (n ؍ 9) and differentiation potentials for chondrocyte, adipocyte, and osteoblast (n ؍ 6) were similar with those of marrow aspirate-derived MSCs. Epitope and mRNA analysis revealed some differences in both types of cells, which disappeared with expansion and subcultivation. A mixed population of collagenase-released (CR) cells had similar differentiation potentials with CR clone, CD31 ؉ fraction, and osteoblastic cells. For quantitative study, trabecular bone and bone marrow were harvested by single aspiration using a biopsy needle (n ؍ 16). Although the total nucleated cell number harvested was similar, the colony-forming efficiency of CR cells was approximately 100-fold higher than that of BM cells and more than 1 million CR cells could be obtained in 14 days from all donors. Enzymatically released cells from trabecular bone became virtually identical to marrow aspirate-derived MSCs, demonstrating that a trabecular bone fragment can be an alternative source of MSCs.
IntroductionHuman cells derived from trabecular bones have been used for many years in the study of bone cell biology. [1][2][3][4][5] Recently, Tuli et al, 6,7 Noth et al, 8 and Sottile et al 9 reported that human trabecular bone is a good source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the characteristics of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. To isolate MSCs from trabecular bones, they digested human trabecular bone with collagenase to release cells, referred to as collagenase-released (CR) cells. Then, they did explant cultures of the remaining bare bone fragments and harvested MSCs that were derived from the trabecular bones. CR cells were first mentioned by Robey and Termine as part of a study of osteoblast metabolism in vitro. 1 However, the CR cells were not examined intensively because the CR cell cultures showed a high level of type III collagen, which the researchers simply regarded as fibroblastic contamination. 1 Also, Noth et al described contamination by foreign marrow cells, especially fibroblasts, often predominated in the CR cell cultures. 8 Furthermore, collagenase pretreatment followed by extensive washing resulted in trabecular bone fragments completely devoid of surface-adherent cells, with all soft-tissue elements removed. 8 Therefore, until now the CR cells have been thought to be a poor source of MSCs.A large body of literature has developed on MSCs derived from bone marrow aspirate, 10 referred to as bone marrow (BM) cells here. Bone marrow is the tissue filling the space between vascular sinuses and bone surfaces...