Summary Initially, it was reported that coronavirus 2019 disease (Covid‐19) affects respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological systems, but the oral, olfactory and integumentary systems are also involved. This review discusses various oral manifestations of Covid‐19 reported in the literature along with possible underlying mechanisms. The reported manifestations include taste impairment, oral mucosal changes (petechiae, ulcers, plaque‐like lesions, reactivation of herpes simplex virus 1(HSV1), geographical tongue and desquamative gingivitis) and dry mouth. The prominent location for mucosal lesions are tongue, palate and labial mucosa. The exact pathogenesis of these oral symptoms is not known. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptors are expressed in abundance on oral mucosa allowing severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) to infect them. Gustatory impairment along with olfactory changes is now listed as a symptom of Covid‐19 by the World Health Organization, but further research is needed to confirm a link between reported additional oral symptoms and Covid‐19. Dental professionals may encounter individuals with Covid‐19 and be called upon to identify various oral manifestations of this disease.

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Foreign body in the neck usually will present with acute symptom of odynophagia or dysphagia. Migration of these foreign bodies to the adjacent structures or to the external skin may occur as late complication especially if the initial workup missed to detect their presence. Mostly the migrated foreign bodies were the fish bone as it has sharp ends. Depending on the tract that it made, serious complications may occur. We present a case of migrating fish bone in the neck with spontaneous extrusion without any complication. The foreign body was ingested not more than 48 hours before the extrusion. Key words: Fish bone migratory; neck; spontaneous; extrusion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7809 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.129-132

Various complications are observed in the PFM crowns. These include chipped-off ceramic, recurrent caries and / or loss of retention. 4,5 Multiple factors are responsible for or are associated with these complications. These are broadly categorised as patient-related, operator-related and technician-related factors. Patient-related factors are para-function (clenching and bruxism), traumatic biting habits (biting on ice cubes, betel nuts etc.) and heavy occlusal forces. Operator-related problems include poor treatment planning, inadequate preparation of

Background: Access to apical root canal system is gained after flap elevation using various incision techniques. Soft-tissue healing after periradicular surgery may include gingival recession, papilla recession, changes in probing depth, and clinical attachment loss. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of full sulcular flap design versus papilla-sparing flap design on the periodontal parameters in periradicular surgeries. Materials and Methods: It was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic and manual searches were conducted in multiple databases including PubMed, Dental and Oral Sciences, Cochrane, and CINAHL Plus until May 2019. Initial search yielded 2575 studies with 5 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes assessed were gingival recession and change in the papilla height. The secondary outcomes evaluated were probing depth, clinical attachment loss, postoperative pain, bleeding, and discomfort. Random-effects model was employed for computation of effect size, and forest plots were made. Results: Out of the five articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria, three were randomized control trials and two were nonrandom trials. No significant differences were found in the gingival recession ( P = 0.79), papilla height ( P = 0.55), gingival bleeding, and plaque indices. Statistically significant differences in probing depth ( P = 0.006) and clinical attachment loss ( P = 0.0004) were observed for the two flap designs in probing depth ( P = 0.006) and clinical attachment loss ( P = 0.0004). Conclusions: The present systematic review and meta-analysis showed that probing depth and attachment loss are affected by the choice of flap design. On the other hand, gingival recession and papilla height are not influenced by the type of incision. However, finding of the present review may change if more studies on this topic will be included in the future. Therefore, more clinical trials with long-term follow-ups are needed.