Background: About 43% of the under-five child mortality is contributed by neonatal death. According to National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) in inborn births, Klebsiella pneumonia was the most commonly associated pathogen, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Hence to know the prevalence and profile of bacterial infection in the inborn unit of an SNCU in Central India,this study was done.Methods: This is a cross sectional study done in the Inborn Unit of SNCU, Department of Paediatrics, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.), INDIA done between 1st March 2015 to 31st August 2016 where the blood sample and data collection of the suspected patients was done. Samples were then sent for culture and sensitivity testing. All the details then entered in Microsoft Excel Sheet and data was analysed using SPSS v 20.Results: The prevalence of bacteriologically positive sepsis was found to be 5.06% (in 43patients out of 850 examined cases). It was more prevalent among males that is in 24 among total 43 culture positives (55.8%), low birth weight were 37 (86% of culture positive patients)and preterm were 35(81.4% of culture positive patients). The most common pathogen associated was found to be Klebsiella pneumonia which was detected in 16 patients (37.2% of all bacteriologically positive patients) followed by E. coli and Pseudomonas, each in 7 patients (16.28%).Conclusions: Though we are on the track of minimising morbidities still we have a high prevalence of neonatal sepsis in inborn unit so sepsis related morbidities can be prevented if timely interventions are done.
Six urban and six forest adult rhesus monkeys were individually tested in several novel situations to see as to whether human environment has got any effect on the responsiveness of these animals to novel objects and novel situations. In contrast to the forest Ss, the urban ones were found to be active, manipulative, contacted objects readily and frequently, and were not at all timid of strange humans. The Ss of the two groups did not differ much with respect to their bodily postures such as prone, supine; and stereotyped behaviours were seldomly performed by the Ss of either group.
Background: Resilience as “the process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging or threatening circumstances” is one of the more field. Protective factors are “influences that modify, ameliorate, or alter a person’s response to some environmental hazard that predisposes to a maladaptive outcome”. Easy going temperament and good self-regulation have been identified as protective factors in resilience. The ability to self-regulate also seems to be at the core of good interpersonal relationships and peer relationships, rule compliance, reduced risk of depression and anxiety, and a host of other areas fundamental to successful adaptation and functioning.Methods: This study was conducted during period of January 2000 to October 2001. The sample comprised a total number of 400 children between 4-11 years age and their parents and caregivers. The material for the study was drawn from the two private schools situated in Jabalpur city. Tests used in the study were the Chi square test to test statistical significance, test of significance of difference and Correlating the effect of various factors, analysis of variance F statistics was computed.Results: It was found in our study that the older children (8-11 years) were more outgoing, warm hearted, easy going and participating as compared to lower age group (4-7 yrs.) children. Girls were significantly more resilient that boys in both the age groups i.e. 4-7 and 8-11 yrs. The girls were found to be more emotionally stable, calm and face reality in a very cool manner. Academic achievers were found to be more resilient, easy going, accommodating. No any significant differences when children's resilience was compared with their parental educational status.Conclusions: Girls were significantly more resilient that boys. The girls were found to be more emotionally stable, calm and faces reality in a very cool manner. Academic achievers were found to be more resilient, easy going. accommodating and participate in various extracurricular activities. Older children were more outgoing, warm hearted, easy going and participating.
Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common haematological problem encountered during neonatal period, particularly in the sick, premature neonates admitted in the NICU, and usually indicate an underlying disease process. Thrombocytopenia may be considered as an important and early tool in diagnosis of septicaemia in neonates.Methods: It is a hospital based cross sectional study. A total 105 neonates with blood and/CSF culture positive sepsis and associated thrombocytopenia admitted in NICU. This study was conducted to find the prevalence of thrombocytopenia in neonates admitted in NICU with culture proven sepsis and to observe the outcome of thrombocytopenia and sepsis.Results: Out of 105 culture positive neonates K. pneumoniae 47/105 (44.8%) was the commonest micro-organism isolated, followed by Pseudomonas 26/105 (24.8%), E. coli 14/105 (13.3%), Staphylococcus 11/105 (10.5%), Candida 2/105 (1.9%) in decreasing order. Thrombocytopenia was present in 100/105 (95.2%). Among thrombocytopenic neonates 38/100 (38%), 36/100 (36%) and 26/100 (26%) having severe, moderate and mild thrombocytopenia respectively. 38 (38%) newborns of severe thrombocytopenia among them K. pneumoniae (50.0%) was commonest organism, followed by Pseudomonas. (23.7%) and Staphylococcus (15.8%) in the decreasing order. 36 (36%) newborns of moderate thrombocytopenia among them K. pneumoniae (47.2%) again commonest organism associated, followed by Pseudomonas. (25.0%), and E- coli (11.1%). In severe thrombocytopenic newborns both GI and pulmonary (60.50%) haemorrhage was the most common bleeding manifestation. Mortality rate (37.1%) was high in newborns having sepsis.Conclusions: Bacterial sepsis is significantly complicated by thrombocytopenia. Severe thrombocytopenia in a suspected case of bacterial sepsis might predict Klebsiella sepsis and hence it may be rational to start empirical antibiotics covering the same.
This study was conducted to investigate effects of single variables (A. self efficacy, B. self regulation and C. satisfaction of students with school) on skill of decision making of twelfth grade students and also their two order and three order interaction effects on decision making. Null Hypotheses were framed for each effect. The sample comprised of 515 students chosen from representative CBSE affiliated secondary schools of district Roopnagar, Punjab. An ex post facto design of the study led to an analysis of data through a statistical technique of 3x3x3 ANOVA substantiated by t-test. A brief summary of findings was as follows: Main effects of all three independent variables A, B, C, were found to be significant at the .01 level of confidence indicating strong influence of each of these variables on skill of decision making. Out of the three two order interactions, only AxC was found to be significant at the .05 level of confidence and those of AXB and BXC were not found to be significant even at the .05 level of confidence. This indicated that AXC interacts to result into differences in means scores of decision making of various combination groups due to AXC only. The three order interaction of AXBXC was also found to be significant at the .05 level of confidence, which led to conclude that combination groups due to this interaction effect resulted in differences in decision making by twelfth graders.
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