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Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1 C) is used as a gold standard for monitoring glycemic control. American Diabetes Association (ADA) has certified HbA 1 C ≥ 6.5% as a diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies suggest that conditions affecting erythrocyte turnover like Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) alters HbA 1 C levels but their results are conflicting. However the effect of IDA on HbA 1 C is rarely reported.To determine the impact of IDA on HbA 1 C levels among controlled diabetics [Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) <126mg/dl since last 6 months] independent of blood glucose concentration and its variation according to the degree of anemia. Methods:This cross-sectional study carried out in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai includes totally 300 controlled diabetic patients -Type 2 DM (150 with IDA and 150 without IDA). Medical history recorded. HbA1C, complete hemogram and FPG were tested. Result:The mean HbA 1 C among controlled diabetics with IDA (7.86 ± 0.11%) was significantly higher than those without IDA (5.45 ± 0.038%) (P<0.05). HbA 1 C results were higher with the reduction of total hemoglobin (p< 0.05) Conclusion: IDA spuriously elevates HbA 1 C levels independent of blood glucose concentration in controlled-diabetics.HbA 1 C increases significantly as severity of anemia worsens. Thereby this study insists on the utter importance to exclude IDA and to correct it before any diagnostic or therapeutic decision is made based solely on HbA 1 C level.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become a major health problem worldwide. American Diabetes Association has considered HbA1C levels ≤ 6.5 % as the prime target for glycemic control and as a diagnostic criterion for DM. Anemia is common in DM (8-66%). Studies on alteration of HbA1C in IDA have conflicting results.Objectives: To identify and compare the effect of IDA on HbA1C levels among controlled diabetics (Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) <126mg/ dl since last 6 months) and non-diabetics and its variation according to the degree of anemia.

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Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the fourth most frequent cancer in men and the third in women worldwide. The identification of molecular markers that have a prognostic significance in colorectal carcinoma may have an impact on its treatment. This study aims to identify and evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53 in colorectal adenocarcinomas and to correlate its expression with various clinicopathological parameters. Methods:The present study was an observational study done in 30 surgical resection specimens received in the Department of Pathology, SRM Medical College and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu from June 2015-June 2017. Clinical history and clinicopathological parameters were obtained ,histomorphological and immunohistochemical evaluation was done and the results were correlated with clinicopathological variables. The IHC panel we used was mouse monoclonal p53 antibody (PathnSitu).Result: In our study, p53 overexpression was noted in 70% cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas. p53 overexpression was noted more in conventional adenocarcinomas (85.7%), more in left sided colonic carcinomas (71.4%), in advanced pT stage (57.1% in pT3) and also in cases with lymph node metastasis (57.1%). No statistically significant correlation of p53 with other clinicopathological variables such as age, gender, nature of specimen, tumor site, size, histological type, grade, tumor perforation, bowel wall invasion and perineural invasion were noted. Conclusion:Our study supports that p53 overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis and may prove as an useful marker in identifying high risk patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapy in the early stage of disease.

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