Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder affecting 20 million people worldwide. Research has not identified the causes of schizophrenia as one single factor. It is thought that interactions between genes and a range of environmental factors may cause schizophrenia. The majority of schizophrenia cases are controlled by the use of antipsychotic drugs, such as aripiprazole, asenapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and cariprazine. Gedeon Richter and Forest Laboratories developed an antipsychotic drug known as cariprazine that contains a piperazine ring, and it is manufactured by Actavis under the trade name Vraylar. This review provides a brief background of the synthetic approaches to cariprazine.

The present work provides a fast and mild method towards the synthesis of urea derivatives and their application in amino group protection. This new methodology is an inexpensive, simple, and environmentally safe process for the synthesis of urea derivatives. It is well suited for aliphatic amines and aromatic amines. With aliphatic amines, Zn-mediated urea bond formation occurs at ambient temperature, whereas with aromatic amines, it occurs at 60 °C. Environmentally friendly reaction conditions, sustainability, enumerating tolerance of a wide variety of functional groups, cost-effectiveness, high atom economy, fast reaction time, and adaptability for large-scale synthesis are all benefits of this technology.

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A convenient method has been developed for symmetrical and un‐symmetrical urea synthesis by using Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and recyclable activated zinc metal. This reaction is suitable for all types of amines and gives the desired urea products with good to excellent yield. The developed synthetic approach was employed for the synthesis of the Cariprazine drug.

The present work provides a simple and mild method towards the synthesis of carbonate derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. For various aliphatic and substituted aromatic alcohols the current carbonate formation protocol is suitable. With aliphatic alcohols, Zn‐mediated C−O bond formation occurs in 5 h, whereas with aromatic alcohols, it occurs in 11 h. The utility of zinc dust exhibits a 57–86 % yield of carbonates. Significant advantages of this method including environmentally friendly reaction conditions and the ability to tolerate a wide range of functional groups.