Window design affects the building's appearance. Besides, it has a significant impact on daylight performance and the visual comfort of interior spaces. Therefore, choosing the shape and position of windows can be a challenge for architects. This research aims to investigate the impact of window design on dynamic daylight performance to enhance visual comfort. The research examines five common window shapes that are located in two different positions on the southern-facing side. The most common dynamic daylight metrics of LEED v4.1 were used to investigate the spatial daylight autonomy (sDA), and annual sunlight exposure (ASE). Furthermore, useful daylight illuminance (UDI) was considered a complementary approach to assess useful daylight levels. The metrics are examined in three cities including Mashhad, Isfahan, and Bandar Abbas, which are located in the northeast, center, and south of Iran, respectively. Thirty simulations in each city are conducted by Grasshopper Graphical editor as a parametric interface and its plugins, ladybug, and honeybee for dynamic daylight analysis. The results emphasize that window design has a significant impact on dynamic daylight performance. The square window meets the LEED needs in three cities by achieving maximum sDA and minimum ASE by up to 68.8% and 20% in both positions, respectively. Moreover, the centrally positioned square window presents the lowest ASE level of 14.4% among other cases. However, the windows in a higher position, especially horizontal windows obtain the highest values of sDA, UDI, and ASE by up to 77%, 59%, and 30%, respectively. Therefore, the ASE rates deteriorate by increasing the sill height and head height of windows. This paper can provide window design recommendations based on the comparison of dynamic daylight metrics for five common window shapes.
Purpose Shoppers are used every day to save energy and ease carrying. The lack of attention to ergonomic considerations and safety parameters can lead to injuries and related inconveniences. The purpose of this study is to assess ergonomic factors in different types of trolleys and compared to other shoppers. This will help identify proper solutions in designing an ergonomic shopper. Method In this case study, most information was obtained by interview, in depth observation and through a questionnaire. A total of 30 people with an average age of 45 volunteered to take part in the study. The findings were obtained in public places in two cities in Iran: Tehran and Mashhad. Results & Discussion Initial results revealed that when shopping, the Iranian users' requirements were not adequately addressed. This was due to the lack of proper design and manufacturing by Iranian companies. Poor design provoked reactions and particular behaviour in users. Our results indicate dissatisfaction in the use of shopper, preventing users from buying one. Certainly, modification in shopper design with emphasis on ergonomic parameters can improve physical conditions and reduce related injuries. This study provides recommendations on how this can best be done.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.