Objective In varicose veins, increased levels of inflammatory markers are indicators of endothelial damage and increased procoagulant activity. These findings support the assumption that the constitution of blood in varicose veins differs from that of systemic blood. The purpose of the study was a correlative study of blood constituents in varicose veins and peripheral veins (normal vein) in same individual with varicose vein which was done by comparing the level of concentration of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, haemoglobin from blood of varicose veins and normal peripheral vein (antecubital vein). Method Using citrated plasma samples withdrawn from arms and legs of same patient and plasma obtained by centrifugation of citrated venous blood at 5000 r/min for 10 min was used for correlation. Serum concentration of interleukin-6 and fibrinogen were determined by human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Kit for both interleukin-6 and fibrinogen, which is based on the standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. This assay employs a monoclonal antibody specific for human interleukin-6 coated on a 96-well plate. Result Expressed as median (interquartile range) in pg/mL, leg samples from patient having varicose vein has significantly increased interleukin-6 in cases as compared to controls ( p value of <0.001). Leg samples from patient having varicose vein has significantly increased fibrinogen concentration than their arm samples ( p value of <0.001). Concentration of haemoglobin significantly increased in leg samples as compared to blood withdrawn from arms ( p value of 0.012). Conclusion Blood withdrawn from the site of varicose vein appears to have significantly increased concentration of interleukin-6, fibrinogen and haemoglobin when compared to same patient’s antecubital blood sample supporting the hypothesis that inflammation is increased in tissues drained by varicose vein.
In article, we have reported the thermodynamic Van’t Hoff equation in study of dissociation process of solute benzoic acid into water solvent at ordinary temperature in between of 288 K to 318 K. At this temperature range, the value of dissociation constant (Kc) of that acid is being to found as -4.169, -4.045, -3.993, -3.885, -3.848 and -3.788, for given concentrations of NaCl (sodium chloride) volume as its six ionic strength of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 M, respectively, which are titrimetrically analyzed with 0.05 M basic NaOH (sodium hydroxide) solution. The pH value of each solution is measured by using of digital pH-meter as well. Here, observation reported that the pH value of benzoic acid into water at that range of temperature is being inversely related to concentrations of NaCl. In graph, a value of benzoic acid with there ionic strength (I) is plotted versus equilibrium dissociation constant (Kc) at specific 298 K, have shown the dissociation of acid into water is increases as increase the ionic strength. But, comparatively, the graph for increasing temperature range to thermodynamic dissociation constant (Ka) have shown that the dissociation is not always increases as if increases temperature.
The solubility and distribution coefficient (K) of solute in solvent is depends on temperature and solute-solvent interaction, where the solute is partitioned between two immiscible solvents phase and dissociated into ionic form. Here, we have reported the titrimetric study for solubility and partition or distribution coefficient of benzoic acid (solute) in aqueous water and in organic benzene which are using as solvents. The benzoic acid solubility (in g/100g of solvent) in water and in benzene solutions have determined by titrimetrically. There is partitioning and concentration of such acid in these solvent phase by shake-flask and acid-base titration method as well. The benzoic acid solubility and their distribution between water and benzene as in different pH buffer solutions have been analyzed at room temperature (25°C) in acidic, neutral and basic (pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0) medium, respectively.
In article, we have been reported the study of a concentration effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) salt on benzoic acid solubility and its dissociation in water at 298 K temperature. At this temperature the benzoic acid solubility into water and their dissociation value for six samples in range of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 M. Each of these different ionic strength or concentration of sodium chloride is analyzed by titrimetrically against of 0.05 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) basic solution. The pH of each solution is measured well by using of calibrated pH-meter. Observation reveals that the value of pH of benzoic acid into water at applying temperature is may inversely related with concentration of NaCl. Graphically, the value of ionic strength (I) of that benzoic acid is plotted versus with dissociation constant (Kc) of acid into water at specific 298 K temperature. The value of benzoic acid dissociation constant for given each six concentration of NaCl is found to be -4.169, -4.045, -3.993, -3.885, -3.848 and -3.788, respectively.
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