Study of association of varicose veins and inflammation by inflammatory markers

Abstract

Objective In varicose veins, increased levels of inflammatory markers are indicators of endothelial damage and increased procoagulant activity. These findings support the assumption that the constitution of blood in varicose veins differs from that of systemic blood. The purpose of the study was a correlative study of blood constituents in varicose veins and peripheral veins (normal vein) in same individual with varicose vein which was done by comparing the level of concentration of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, haemoglobin from blood of varicose veins and normal peripheral vein (antecubital vein). Method Using citrated plasma samples withdrawn from arms and legs of same patient and plasma obtained by centrifugation of citrated venous blood at 5000 r/min for 10 min was used for correlation. Serum concentration of interleukin-6 and fibrinogen were determined by human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Kit for both interleukin-6 and fibrinogen, which is based on the standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. This assay employs a monoclonal antibody specific for human interleukin-6 coated on a 96-well plate. Result Expressed as median (interquartile range) in pg/mL, leg samples from patient having varicose vein has significantly increased interleukin-6 in cases as compared to controls ( p value of <0.001). Leg samples from patient having varicose vein has significantly increased fibrinogen concentration than their arm samples ( p value of <0.001). Concentration of haemoglobin significantly increased in leg samples as compared to blood withdrawn from arms ( p value of 0.012). Conclusion Blood withdrawn from the site of varicose vein appears to have significantly increased concentration of interleukin-6, fibrinogen and haemoglobin when compared to same patient’s antecubital blood sample supporting the hypothesis that inflammation is increased in tissues drained by varicose vein.

Venous Scenario in India

“…The same group also looked into the various inflammatory markers. Blood withdrawn from the site of varicose vein appears to have significantly increased concentration of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and hemoglobin when compared to same patient's antecubital venous blood sample supporting the hypothesis of greater inflammation in tissues drained by varicose veins [16].…”

Risk factors for venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities

“…However, it should be noted that the current study was a case–control study, which could not determine the time sequence of changes in inflammatory indicators and the formation of venous ulcers. Previous studies have shown that inflammation was increased in blood tissues drained by varicose veins without ulceration 42,43 . We speculated that changes in inflammatory indicators might be related to the formation of venous ulcers, but venous ulcers might further influence changes in inflammatory indicators, especially when accompanied by infection.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that inflammation was increased in blood tissues drained by varicose veins without ulceration. 42,43 We speculated that changes in inflammatory indicators might be related to the formation of venous ulcers, but venous ulcers might further influence changes in inflammatory indicators, especially when accompanied by infection.…”

The Effect of Diosmin, Escin, and Bromelain on Human Endothelial Cells Derived from the Umbilical Vein and the Varicose Vein—A Preliminary Study

“…Slow blood flow, or blood stagnation in varicose veins, leads to hypoxia and inflammation within the vessel wall. Blood samples collected from varicose veins showed an increased concentration of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and hemoglobin in comparison with blood samples from the antecubital vein of the same patient [ 29 ]. Under these conditions, purine metabolism begins with ATP and ends with hypoxanthine and xanthine.…”