Background:The benefits of exercise on long-term health and well-being are well established. The possible benefits of exercise in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) have not been explored in a controlled clinical trial format.Objective:To assess the effects of exercise on measures of function, strength, and exercise capacity in ambulatory SMA patients.Methods:Fourteen participants, ages 10–48 years, were randomized to control and exercise cohorts after a 1 month lead-in period. The exercise group received 6 months of intervention. Thereafter, both groups received the intervention for the remaining 12 months. Participants were monitored for a total of 19 months. Exercise included individualized home-based cycling and strengthening. The primary outcome measure was distance walked during the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Secondary outcomes included strength, function, exercise capacity, quality of life and fatigue.Results:Twelve participants completed the first 7 months of the study, and 9 completed all 19 months. At baseline, the groups were similar on all clinical variables. There were no group changes at any time point in the 6MWT, fatigue, or function. Percent-predicted VO2 max improved 4.9% in all participants in 6 months (p = 0.036) (n = 10).Conclusion:Daily exercise is safe in ambulatory SMA and should be encouraged. We did not uncover any deleterious effects on strength, function, or fatigue. Our study documented a reduction in oxidative capacity and a blunted conditioning response to exercise possibly representing an important insight into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. These findings also may be linked causally to mitochondrial depletion in SMA and warrant further study.

In SMA, the TUG test is easily administered, reliable, and correlates with established outcome measures. TUG testing is a potentially useful outcome measure for clinical trials and a measure of disability in ambulatory patients with SMA.

Background: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a recessively-inherited neuromuscular disease characterized by weakness and muscle atrophy. Although anecdotal benefits from exercise have been noted, and despite promising pre-clinical and pilot reports, the effect of exercise has not been addressed in a controlled trial in SMA. Objective: To assess the effects of exercise on measures of function, strength, and exercise capacity in ambulatory SMA patients. Methods/Design: An evaluator-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of aerobic and strengthening exercise in 14 ambulatory SMA patients aged 8-50 years. Patients will be randomized to either the exercise or control arm after the 1 month lead in period. During the first 6-months, the exercise group will receive the intervention while the other group serves as a control. After those 6 months, both groups will receive the intervention. The last 6-months of the study are designed to mimic real-world conditions where all participants are encouraged to continue on their own. Participants will be monitored throughout this 19 month study and will have in-person visits every three months. The primary outcome measure is the change in the total distance walked over 6-months on the six minute walk test (6MWT). Secondary outcome measures include maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), functional and strength assessments, pulmonary function, fatigue, and quality of life. Discussion: The result of this prospective, single blinded, randomized and controlled clinical trial of exercise on an established functional outcome measure will have impact on clinical practice by providing important guidance to clinical management of SMA patients.

Stride-length variability was the key variable associated with falls. Preventive strategies to avoid falls should be incorporated into patient management plans. Gait analysis provides actionable information not revealed by standard assessments and should be included in clinical trials designed to address the prevention of falls in the SMA population.

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Physical activity (PA) and health were compared in younger (YA; 18-44 years), middle-aged (MA; 45-64 years), and older (OA; >65 years) adults with disability (PWD), functional limitation (PFL), or without disability (PWoD). Disability occurred in YA (PWD: 2.3%; PFL: 14.3%), MA (PWD: 8.5%; PFL: 23.8%), and OA (PWD: 14.9%; PFL: 26.6%). Not meeting aerobic/muscle strengthening (MS) PA recommendations was frequent in YA (PWD: 50.7%, PFL: 42.5%; PWoD: 35.8%), MA (PWD: 56.7%; PFL: 44.0%; PWoD: 35.6%), and OA (PWD: 57.8%; PFL: 44.1%; PWoD: 33.1%). Among PWD, YA and MA met MS more frequently than OA; PFL did more aerobic PA than PWD. Presence of more chronic diseases, female gender, White race, lower education, and less income was associated with being PWD and/or PFL. Those with greater PA were less likely to be PWD or PFL. Results suggest increasing public health efforts to promote healthy lifestyles in MA and OA.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has recently been classified as a primary risk factor, but determining CRF requires an exercise test. We applied a symptom questionnaire as part of a nonexercise model to estimate CRF (eCRF). We observed that eCRF provided mortality risks that were similar to those from maximal exercise testing.