Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Population-Attributable Risk

Myers, Jonathan; Vainshelboim, Baruch; Kamil-Rosenberg, Shirit; Chan, Khin; Kokkinos, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.049

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Lack of physical activity is a primary contributor to chronic disease [33][34][35]. Evidence strongly supports that high amounts of sedentary behavior increase the risk for all-cause and CVD mortality and type II diabetes [36][37][38][39]. For example, an inverse, non-linear dose-response relationship has been oberserved between long-term leisure-time physical activity and all-cause and CVD mortality when assessed up to 23-years of follow-up [39].…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Exercise for Cardiorespiratory Health and Fitness in Chronic Kidney Disease

Gollie¹,

Cohen²,

Patel³

2022

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), major adverse CVD events, and cardiovascular mortality. Low levels of physical activity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness further compound the health consequences in this patient population. Aerobic exercise alone and the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise have beneficial effects for improving aerobic capacity while resistance exercise alone improves strength and skeletal muscle health. Given the prevalence of CVD in CKD patients and limited treatment options targeting traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors in this population, the incoroporation of physical activity and exercise into the care of CKD seems critical for improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the evidence of physical activity and exercise in CKD patients and the effects on cardiovascular outcomes and fitness.

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Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Exercise for Cardiorespiratory Health and Fitness in Chronic Kidney Disease

Gollie¹,

Cohen²,

Patel³

2022

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…A previous study conducted in Ethiopia found cigarette smokers were 16.511 times more likely to be hypertensive than non-cigarette smokers 11 . Smoking behavior, in general, has been identified as a decisive risk factor for hypertension [12][13][14] .A smoker with inadequate physical activity is the perfect combination to increase the risk of developing hypertension 15 .…”

Section: Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity Related to Hypertension in Indonesia

Pratiwi,

Rahmawati,

Angkasawati

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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The prevalence of hypertension shows an increasingly high trend these days. The aim study at analyzing ecologically the factors related to the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia. The ecological analysis conducted using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. The study takes all provinces as samples. Apart from the prevalence of hypertension, seven other variables analyzed as independent variables were physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking behavior, fruits/vegetable consumption, salty food consumption, obesity, and central obesity. Data were analyzed using a scatter plot. The results show that the higher the population with sufficient physical activity, the lower the prevalence of hypertension. The higher the population proportion who smoke every day and the population proportion that does not consume fruits/vegetables every day, the higher the prevalence of hypertension. Moreover, the more increased the population proportion consuming salty food ≥1 time per day, the majority of the adult population (age>18 years old) who are obese, the more high the prevalence of hypertension. Finally, the more heightened the people prevalence aged>15 years old who have central obesity, the more elevated the prevalence of hypertension. The authors concluded that six variables were proven ecologically related to the majority of hypertension in Indonesia.The author recommends policymakers use the study results for related health programs to improve and prevent them.

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“…Lack of physical activity is a primary contributor to many noncommunicable diseases including metabolic syndrome, T2D, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and obesity [7][8][9][10]. Robust evidence supports that high amounts of sedentary behavior increase the risk for all-cause and CVD mortality and T2D [11][12][13][14][15][16]. For example, an inverse, nonlinear dose-response relationship is observed between longterm leisure-time physical activity and all-cause and CVD mortality when assessed during up to 23-years of followup [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Endothelial Progenitor and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Biomarkers for Monitoring Disease Status and Responses to Exercise

Gollie¹,

Sen²

2022

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), pose significant health challenges globally. Important advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiologal mechanisms and treatment of noncommunicable diseases in recent years. Lack of physical activity is a primary contributor to many noncommunicable diseases including metabolic syndrome, T2D, CVD, and obesity. Certain diabetes medications and non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as physical activity and exercise, are shown to be effective in decreasing the CVD risks associated with heart disease, stroke, obesity, prediabetes, and T2D. The ability to measure and analyze circulating adult stem cells (ASCs) has gained particular interest due to their potential to identify at-risk individuals and implications in various therapeutics. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to (1) provide an overview of ASCs; specifically endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), (2) describe the responses of these cells to acute and chronic exercise, and (3) highlight the potential effect of exercise on EPCs and MSCs in aging and disease. EPCs are circulating cells, abundantly available in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and umbilical cord, and are defined by cell surface markers such as CD34 + . EPCs are expected to play an important role in angiogenesis and neovascularization and have been implicated in the treatment of CVD. MSCs are essential for maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis. MSCs are defined as multipotent heterogeneous cells that can proliferate in vitro as plastic-adherent cells, have fibroblast-like morphology, form colonies in vitro, and can differentiate into ostyeoblasts, adipocytes, chondroblasts, and myoblasts. In the presence of aging and disease, EPCs and MSCs decrease in quantity and functional capacity. Importantly, exercise facilitates EPC differentiation and production from bone marrow and also helps to promote migration and homing to the hypoxic and damaged tissue which in turn improve angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Similarly, exercise stimulates increases in proliferation and migratory activity of MSCs. Despite the reported benefits of exercise on EPC and MSC number and function, little is known regarding the optimal exercise prescription for aging and clinical populations. Moreover, the interactions between medications and exercise on EPCs and MSCs is currently unclear. Use of ASCs as a biomarker have the potential to revolutionize the management of patients with a variety of metabolic and obesity related disorders and also pro-inflammatory diseases. Further investigation of clinical entities are urgently needed to understand the implications of interventions such as exercise, diet, and various medications on EPC and MSC quantity and function in aging and clinical populations.

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Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Population-Attributable Risk

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Physical Activity and Exercise for Cardiorespiratory Health and Fitness in Chronic Kidney Disease

Physical Activity and Exercise for Cardiorespiratory Health and Fitness in Chronic Kidney Disease

Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity Related to Hypertension in Indonesia

Circulating Endothelial Progenitor and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Biomarkers for Monitoring Disease Status and Responses to Exercise

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