Objective: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mindfulness practices have been proposed as a potential approach to improve executive functions (EFs) and reduce craving in persons with substance use disorders. Based on the neural mechanisms of action of each of these interventions, the combination of both non-pharmacological interventions might have additive effects. In the current study, the effects of tDCS combined with mindfulness-based substance abuse treatment (MBSAT) to improve EFs and reduce craving were investigated in early abstinent methamphetamine abuse. Methods: Eighty (youths aged between 18 and 21) early-abstinent methamphetamine users were randomly assigned to the research groups (tDCS group [n = 20], mindfulness group [n = 20], combined mindfulness-tDCS group [n = 20], and sham group [n = 20]). Active tDCS (1.5 mA,20 min, 12 sessions) or sham tDCS was appliedover the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the MBSAT protocol was used over twelve 50-min sessions. Results: Both in the post-test phase (immediately after the intervention) and follow-up phase (one month after the intervention), performance in most EFs tasks significantly improved in the combination group which received real tDCS + MBSAT, as compared to baseline values and sham stimulation group. Similarly, a significant reduction in craving was observed after intervention inall treatment groups, but not the sham stimulation group. Interestingly, the increase in EFs and the reduction in craving post versus pre tDCS + MBSAT intervention were correlated. Conclusion: Findings from the current study provide initial support for the clinical effectiveness of combination tDCS + MBSAT, possibly influencing cognitive/affective processes.
Systemic bacterial and fungal infections in recent years due to the increasing number of debilitating diseases immune system such as AIDS, blood malignancies, overdose, corticosteroid drugs, and broad-spectrum antibiotics has been raised. There is a prevalence of acute and subsequent candida infections with drug-resistance properties such as fluconazole. Due to the prevalence and spread of fungal and bacterial diseases, the effort to find treatments has increased more than before. The use of plant compounds for the therapy of fungal and bacterial diseases is effective due to their unique biocompatible and bioavailable. The trend toward new antifungal and antibacterial agents being introduced to the market remains small, while resistance to many antibiotics is emerging, especially in patients receiving long-term treatment. Considering the enormous antimicrobial potentials of natural compounds isolated from plants and endophytes and screening of new antibiotics for various pharmaceutical applications as an alternative source remains largely unknown. Endophytes and medicinal plant species have main primary and secondary metabolites suitable to hindrance or inactivation of pathogens. Recently, various studies about the antibacterial and antifungal activities of these metabolites have been reported. For this purpose, in this review, antibacterial and antifungal activities of endophytes of Pestalotiopsis genus and medicinal plant species of Zingiber and Hydnora genera have been discussed according to recent studies.
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Introduction: One of the most important components of the life of students is the need for progress.Aim: This study aimed to study the role of self-regulation and alienation in predicting students' motivation was.
Method:This study was correlational The study population included all high school boys and girls schools Pars Abad city administration were studying in the academic year comprised 2017. One hundred and Twenty students were selected from this population through multistage random cluster sampling and they were asked to respond to Questionnaires of self-regulation, alienation academic and achievement motivation. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression tests.Results: Results showed that Achievement motivation total score of alienation, components of the sense of meaninglessness and disability, isolation negative relationship with selfregulation has a significant positive relationship. Regression analysis also showed that Regression analysis also showed that 48 percent of the variance in student achievement motivation by elements of alienation and self-determination.
Conclusion:The study shows that self-regulation and alienation educational ability to predict achievement motivation as significant. Accordingly, predicting the motivation for student progress through variables such as self-alienation and self-regulation, indicates the need to pay attention to deep and sustained personality structures in future interventions and researches.
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