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Background:Emotional conditions governing the family and patients’ perceived social support play important roles in the treatment or relapse process of the chronic disease.Objectives:The current study aimed to investigate the role of family expressed emotion and perceived social support in prediction of addiction relapse.Patients and Methods:The descriptive-correlation method was used in the current study. The study population consisted of the individuals referred to the addiction treatment centers in Ardabil from October 2013 to January 2014. The subjects (n = 80) were randomly selected using cluster sampling method. To collect data, expressed emotion test by Cole and Kazaryan, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used, and the obtained data was analyzed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses.Results:Results showed a positive relationship between family expressed emotions and the frequency of relapse (r = 0.26, P = 0.011) and a significant negative relationship between perceived social support and the frequency of relapse (r = -0.34, P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis also showed that perceived social support from family and the family expressed emotions significantly explained 12% of the total variance of relapse frequency.Conclusions:These results have implications for addicted people, their families and professionals working in addiction centers to use the emotional potential of families especially their expressed emotions and the perceived social support of addicts to increase the success rate of addiction treatment.

This research aimed to predict suicidality and addiction (substance, alcohol, cigarette, psychoactive drugs) among university students based on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and exposure to the suicide of family members and or friends. Methods: The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical community included all students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil City, Iran, in 2018. A sample of 500 people was selected through convenience sampling method. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics indices, the Pearson correlation, and regression analysis in SPSS V. 23. The study measures included depressive symptom-suicidality subscale, adverse childhood experiences, substance, alcohol, cigarette, psychoactive drugs abuse, and exposure to suicidal behavior. Results: The findings show a significant correlation between ACEs and suicide, substance, alcohol, cigarette, psychoactive drugs abuse. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the person's suicide and exposure to the suicide of a friend and or a family member. Exposure to friends' suicide had a significant correlation with substance, alcohol, cigarette, and psychoactive drugs abuses, but there was no significant correlation between exposure to family members' suicide and addictions. Moreover, in the predicting variables, findings showed that ACEs can predict both suicide (r=0.322) and addictions; cigarette smoking (r=0.244), alcohol consumption (r=0.216), substance abuse (r=0.180) and street drugs (r=0.172). However, exposure to friends' and family members' suicide did not have this predicting power. Conclusion: Adverse childhood experiences play an important part in suicidality and addiction, and we should prevent these experiences by working on the family.

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Introduction: One of the most important components of the life of students is the need for progress.Aim: This study aimed to study the role of self-regulation and alienation in predicting students' motivation was. Method:This study was correlational The study population included all high school boys and girls schools Pars Abad city administration were studying in the academic year comprised 2017. One hundred and Twenty students were selected from this population through multistage random cluster sampling and they were asked to respond to Questionnaires of self-regulation, alienation academic and achievement motivation. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression tests.Results: Results showed that Achievement motivation total score of alienation, components of the sense of meaninglessness and disability, isolation negative relationship with selfregulation has a significant positive relationship. Regression analysis also showed that Regression analysis also showed that 48 percent of the variance in student achievement motivation by elements of alienation and self-determination. Conclusion:The study shows that self-regulation and alienation educational ability to predict achievement motivation as significant. Accordingly, predicting the motivation for student progress through variables such as self-alienation and self-regulation, indicates the need to pay attention to deep and sustained personality structures in future interventions and researches.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of teaching mental simulation strategies on academic performance and creativity of architecture students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University of Ardabil in the design of health clinics lesson. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with both trial and control groups. The statistical population was composed of all seven semester students who were studying architecture in Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the first semester of the academic year 1396-1397 that they were divided into two groups (each group was 15) that were randomly selected as the trial group and the control group. Tools used in this research were a questionnaire of academic performance, which was adapted from the Performance Measurement Questionnaire (EPT) Pham and Taylor, and Creativity Questionnaire, adapted from the Schaeffer Questionnaire for creativity assessment. Mental simulation trainings were presented for 5 sessions of 3 hours for the trial group. The control group did not receive any training. To analyze data we used ANCOVA covariance from inferential statistics to test the research hypotheses. Findings indicated that training mental simulation strategies improved the academic performance of students under the motivating factor (p <0.05), and on students' creativity have a significant effect under the factor of feeling of fantasy, so simulation strategies can be used to improve architecture students' academic performance and promote their creativity.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the inhibition/activation behavioral systems, positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies and cognitive failures in patients with schizophrenia disorder, depression disorder and normal individuals. Methods: The method was a descriptive and causal-comparative study and the statistical population included all male patients (n=65) with schizophrenia and depression in Isar and Fatemi Hospitals in Ardabil city in 2016. Thirty schizophrenic patients and 30 depressed patients were sampled by the census method and were compared with 30 normal subjects. Data were collected using the Carver and White's behavioral inhibition and activation questionnaire (BIS/BAS), Garnefski's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ). Then, the data were analyzed using chi-square, multivariate analysis of variance and LSD by the SPSS18 software. Results: The results showed that normal subjects had more sensitivity than depressed and schizophrenic patients in a behavioral activation system and also both depressed and schizophrenic patients had more sensitivity than normal people in a behavioral inhibition system (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between depressed and schizophrenic patients in a behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system sensitivity (P > 0.05). In the emotion regulation strategy, normal people used adaptive emotion regulation, and depressed and schizophrenic patients used maladaptive emotion regulation styles. Finally, schizophrenia patients had cognitive failures more than depressed patients, and depressed patients had deficits more than normal people (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings show that brain/behavioral systems, emotion regulation and cognitive failures play an important role in pathology of schizophrenia and depression disorders and can be an important therapeutic target in the treatment and rehabilitation.

Health promoting behaviors are vital for anyone, particularly for those with coronary heart disease. Accordingly, the present s tudy has been aimed to survey the effectiveness of mentalization-based therapy on health promoting behaviors in patients with coronary heart disease. Materials and Methods: the s tudy is an experimental one with pre-tes t and pos t-tes t design. The sample included 40 men with cardiac disease. They were chosen by purposive sampling and were coincidentally divided into the experimental and control groups. The mentalization therapy was run to the experimental group. The Walker and Hill (1997) health promotion ques tionnaire were used for data gathering. Results: Mentalization-based therapy exerted a significant effect on the enhancement of health promoting behaviors in the experimental group compared with controls. Conclusion: Mentalization-based therapy is an appropriate s trategy to increase health promoting behaviors in patients with coronary heart disease and it can be used as an effective intervention method.