Background: Nurses' direct exposure to COVID-19 patients and resulting health anxiety can threaten their performance of human and moral duties. Materials and Methods: This work was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population was all nurses working in the intensive care unit of COVID-19 patients in Ardabil hospitals in the 2021 year, from which 150 people were selected by convenient sampling. Data were collected using the Health Anxiety Inventory, Scale for Existential Thinking, and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the association between empathy and health anxiety was negative and significant (r = -0.47, P <0.001), and that between empathy and existential thinking was positive and significant (r = 0.31, P <0.001). Also, the correlation coefficients between health anxiety and existential thinking showed a negative and significant association between the two variables (r = -0.28, P <0.001). In addition, the moderated hierarchical regression analysis showed that the interactive effect of health anxiety and existential thinking on nurses' empathy with patients with COVID-19 was 29%. Conclusion: According to the finding of this study, strengthening the spiritual attitude and existential thinking among the nurses of the COVID-19 ward was necessary to reduce health anxiety and its negative effects on the empathetic comunication with patients.

This research aimed to predict suicidality and addiction (substance, alcohol, cigarette, psychoactive drugs) among university students based on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and exposure to the suicide of family members and or friends. Methods: The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical community included all students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil City, Iran, in 2018. A sample of 500 people was selected through convenience sampling method. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics indices, the Pearson correlation, and regression analysis in SPSS V. 23. The study measures included depressive symptom-suicidality subscale, adverse childhood experiences, substance, alcohol, cigarette, psychoactive drugs abuse, and exposure to suicidal behavior. Results: The findings show a significant correlation between ACEs and suicide, substance, alcohol, cigarette, psychoactive drugs abuse. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the person's suicide and exposure to the suicide of a friend and or a family member. Exposure to friends' suicide had a significant correlation with substance, alcohol, cigarette, and psychoactive drugs abuses, but there was no significant correlation between exposure to family members' suicide and addictions. Moreover, in the predicting variables, findings showed that ACEs can predict both suicide (r=0.322) and addictions; cigarette smoking (r=0.244), alcohol consumption (r=0.216), substance abuse (r=0.180) and street drugs (r=0.172). However, exposure to friends' and family members' suicide did not have this predicting power. Conclusion: Adverse childhood experiences play an important part in suicidality and addiction, and we should prevent these experiences by working on the family.

A comprehensive understanding of how suicidal risk factors interact with one another to increase the frequency of suicide ideation and attempted suicide is critical for improving theoretical models of suicide and prevention efforts. The aim of the present study was to explore the prediction of suicide ideation formation and its transition to suicide attempt through the interactions of the constructs suggested by the IPTS, IMV and 3ST theories, as well as other clinical factors. The core constructs of several theoretical models were assessed using a battery of scales administered to 909 Iranian college students. The results supported Klonsky's 3ST and O’Connor's IMV models and, in addition, the relevance of non-suicidal self-injury, the acquired capacity for self-harm, sexual abuse, and exposure to family self-harm for the transition from suicide ideation to a suicide attempt. Depression and PTSD were background factors rather than risk factors for suicide ideation or suicide attempt. Limitations were that the information provided by students may have been biased due to the stigma surrounding suicide in Iranian culture, and the proportion of female students was high.

Objectives: This study was the first step in translating the Suicide Capacity scale (SCS-3) from English to Persian and then determining its structural validity in a sample of Iranian students. Methods:The sample consisted of 600 participants selected by the convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) Depressive Symptom Index-Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS), suicide attempt, and suicidal capacity(SCS-3).Results: The single-group factor analysis suggested that the three-factor model shows the goodness of fit with the data.

Background and Objectives: Hopelessness, belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness are important risk factors for suicidal ideation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the interaction of hopelessness, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness in suicidal ideation and behavior. Materials and Methods:The method of the present study was descriptive and modeling. The study population included all students of Mohaghegh Ardabil University in the academic year 2020; out of which 650 people were selected using convenience sampling method and completed the questionnaires of Hopelessness, Depressive Symptom-Suicidality Subscale, Suicidal Behavior, and Interpersonal Needs in an online way. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and Hayes' macro PROCESS tests. Results:The results showed a significant positive relationship between negative hopelessness and belongingness (r=0.45, p<0.001), burdensomeness (r=0.37, p<0.001), idea (r=0.32, p<0.001), and suicidal behavior (r=0.26, p<0.001). There was also a significant positive relationship between positive hopelessness and belongingness (r=0.32, p<0.001), burdensomeness (r=0.37, p<0.001), idea (r=0.25, p<0.001), and suicidal behavior (r=0.26, p<0.001). The results also confirmed the interaction of hopelessness, belongingness, and burdensomeness in suicidal ideation and behavior. Conclusion:In general, this study supports the interpersonal theory and the interaction among hopelessness, belongingness, and burdensomeness concerning suicidal ideation and behavior. Based on these findings, it is suggested, to reduce suicidal ideation and attempt, holding skills and motivation training courses can increase hope in people.

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