Neurolymphomatosis (NL) refers to nerve infiltration by neurotropic neoplastic cells in the setting of a known or an unknown hematological malignancy. It typically presents as painful or painless peripheral mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, polyneuropathy, polyradiculopathy, or cranial neuropathy. A 32-year-old male presented with a hyperpigmented hypoesthetic plaque over the anterolateral aspect of the right leg with thickening of the right common peroneal nerve and foot drop clinically diagnosed as Hansen's disease. Biopsy taken from skin showed infiltrates of pleomorphic small and medium sized lymphocytes in the dermis and subcutis. On immunohistochemistry, the cells were positive for CD3, CD4 and negative for CD8, CD20, and CD30. Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration of the thickened nerve showed infiltrates of atypical lymphoid cells. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of NL in primary cutaneous CD4+ pleomorphic small/medium-sized T-cell lymphoma was made. The disease responded to systemic chemotherapy and localized radiotherapy with no evidence of relapse during 3 years follow-up. NL in primary cutaneous CD4+ pleomorphic small/medium-sized T-cell lymphoma presenting with manifestations redolent of Hansen's disease is not described in available literature. This case also demonstrates the utility of fine needle aspiration of nerve, a minimally invasive procedure in the diagnosis of NL.
BACKGROUNDPolyps of the intestine are common specimens and do not have symptoms unless they cause obstruction or bleed. 1 There are many types of intestinal polyps. Among all polyps, most frequently occurring are adenomatous polyps. Adenomas are considered precursor lesions to invasive carcinoma. Colorectal cancer stands second to lung cancer as the most common cause of cancer mortality. The basic aim of management of patients with adenomatous polyps in the large bowel remains to prevent the development of cancer by detection and removal of precancerous lesions.The objective of this study is to classify intestinal polyps and identify prevalence of each morphologic type. To study the gross and histopathological features and to correlate with clinical data.
BACKGROUND Cutaneous angiosarcoma is an aggressive malignant mesenchymal vasoformative neoplasm accounting for 1 % of all soft tissue sarcomas. It carries a poor prognosis with high local recurrence rate. Cutaneous angiosarcoma occurs in 3 clinical settings namely idiopathic angiosarcoma of head and neck, angiosarcoma associated with chronic lymphedema and post irradiation angiosarcoma. Idiopathic angiosarcoma of head and neck of elderly are distinct from other types of angiosarcoma. Clinicopathological correlation of cutaneous angiosarcomas diagnosed during a period of nine years from January 2010 to July 2019 was done. METHODS We retrospectively studied and analysed specific data such as age, sex, site, size, clinical setting as well as six histopathological parameters and follow up. RESULTS There were 30 patients diagnosed as angiosarcoma. 16 of these cases were cutaneous. Their mean age was 60 years (44 – 80 years). Mean size of cutaneous tumours was 4 cms (3 – 10 cm). 15 were primary; one had history of preceding lymphedema. Most common location was scalp (14) followed by leg (2). Predominant pattern was vasoformative (75 %) which included spindle (62.5 %) and epithelioid (37.5 %) cell types. Four (25 %) showed extensive necrosis; ten (66.6 %) had high mitotic index and 12 (75 %) showed tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. All cases (100 %) were positive for CD31 & CD34. All underwent wide local excision. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given in two cases and adjuvant radiotherapy in three cases. Of the seven cases with follow up, five cases died of their disease and two survived. CONCLUSIONS Larger tumour size & older age group were associated with worse outcome. All our 14 cases very well fit with the angiosarcoma of scalp & face in elderly persons as described in the literature. This disease has unique characteristics compared to angiosarcoma in other locations. KEYWORDS Cutaneous, Angiosarcoma, Scalp, Elderly
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